卡方检验实例（python）

科技前沿 • 2025-02-27 12:07 • 阅读 47

大家好，我是讯享网，很高兴认识大家。

白人和黑人在求职路上会有种族的歧视吗？

import pandas as pd import numpy as np from scipy import stats data = pd.io.stata.read_stata('us_job_market_discrimination.dta') data.head()

讯享网

讯享网blacks = data[data.race == 'b'] whites = data[data.race == 'w']

black的数据：

whites.call.describe()

讯享网blacks.call.describe()

count 2435.000000 mean 0.064476 std 0. min 0.000000 25% 0.000000 50% 0.000000 75% 0.000000 max 1.000000 Name: call, dtype: float64

white的数据描述：

讯享网whites.call.describe()

count 2435.000000 mean 0.096509 std 0. min 0.000000 25% 0.000000 50% 0.000000 75% 0.000000 max 1.000000 Name: call, dtype: float64

卡方检验

白人获得职位
白人被拒绝
黑人获得职位
黑人被拒绝

假设检验

H0：种族对求职结果没有显著影响
H1：种族对求职结果有影响

讯享网blacks_called = len(blacks[blacks['call'] == True])#黑人获得职位 blacks_not_called = len(blacks[blacks['call'] == False])#黑人被拒绝 whites_called = len(whites[whites['call'] == True])#白人获得职位 whites_not_called = len(whites[whites['call'] == False])#白人被拒绝

observed = pd.DataFrame({'blacks': {'called': blacks_called, 'not_called': blacks_not_called}, 'whites': {'called' : whites_called, 'not_called' : whites_not_called}}) observed

讯享网

讯享网num_called_back = blacks_called + whites_called#获得职位总数 num_not_called = blacks_not_called + whites_not_called#没有获得职位的总数 print(num_called_back) print(num_not_called)

392 4478

讯享网rate_of_callbacks = num_called_back / (num_not_called + num_called_back) rate_of_callbacks

0.068377

讯享网expected_called = len(data) * rate_of_callbacks expected_not_called = len(data) * (1 - rate_of_callbacks) print(expected_called) print(expected_not_called)

391.994 4478.0

讯享网import scipy.stats as stats #观测值 observed_frequencies = [blacks_not_called, whites_not_called, whites_called, blacks_called] #期望值 expected_frequencies = [expected_not_called/2, expected_not_called/2, expected_called/2, expected_called/2] #卡方检验 stats.chisquare(f_obs = observed_frequencies, f_exp = expected_frequencies)

Power_divergenceResult(statistic=16.0221, pvalue=0.000)

p值小于0.05，拒绝假设H0：种族对求职结果没有显著影响。

卡方检验实例（python）

白人和黑人在求职路上会有种族的歧视吗？

卡方检验

假设检验

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