ICTC概述 (An ICTC Overview)

Access the full study, including all sources and methodology, here.

在 此处 访问完整的研究，包括所有来源和方法 。

研究范围 (Study Scope)

This study examines Canada’s opportunities for leveraging its current strengths in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to attract high-quality foreign direct investment (FDI).

这项研究考察了加拿大利用其当前在人工智能(AI)上的优势来吸引高质量外国直接投资(FDI)的机会。

Betting on Red and White: International Investment in Canadian AI also assesses recent domestic and international AI developments, and includes the following:

押注红色和白色：对加拿大AI的国际投资还评估了国内外AI的最新发展，包括以下内容：

• AI applications across sectors
  跨部门的AI应用
• Summary of Canadian AI research and commercialization
  加拿大AI研究与商业化概述
• Opportunities and barriers to continued AI expansion
  人工智能持续发展的机遇与障碍

This study extracts insights from industry leaders in over eight countries and seven sector verticals. It builds on ICTC’s 2019 report On the Edge of Tomorrow: Canada’s AI Augmented Workforce.

这项研究从八个国家和七个行业的行业领导者中汲取了见识。 它建立在ICTC 2019年的报告《明天的边缘：加拿大的AI增强型劳动力》上。

条款 (Terms)

Artificial Intelligence (AI): a multi-disciplinary subject, involving methodologies and techniques from mathematics, engineering, natural science, and computer science and linguistics.

人工智能(AI) ：一个多学科的学科，涉及数学，工程学，自然科学，计算机科学和语言学的方法论和技术。

Machine Learning (ML): a subset of AI, the application of algorithms capable of automatically learning from past experiences without being explicitly programmed.

机器学习(ML) ：AI的子集，算法的应用能够自动从过去的经验中学习，而无需进行显式编程。

Neural Networks: computing systems made of numerous simple, interconnected processing elements that respond to external inputs.

神经网络：由众多简单，相互连接的处理元件组成的计算系统，它们可以响应外部输入。

Deep Learning: an AI field closely associated with artificial neural networks. Deep Learning refers to the depth of multiple layers or stacks of neural networks.

深度学习：与人工神经网络紧密相关的AI领域。 深度学习是指神经网络的多层或堆栈的深度。

(Note: AI and Machine Learning are used interchangeably in this report. A further distinction is between “general” and “narrow” AI. General AI refers to the capacity for human-like cognition. To date, this has not been realized in machines. The current state of AI development is Narrow AI, commonly referred to as Machine Learning.)

(注：本报告中人工智能和机器学习可互换使用。“一般”和“狭义”人工智能之间有进一步的区别。通用人工智能指的是类似于人类的认知能力。迄今为止，这尚未在机器中实现AI的当前发展状态是Narrow AI，通常称为机器学习。)

研究背景 (Study Context)

Canada is increasingly a global hub for AI foreign investment. Regional AI development centres in Canada are Toronto, Montreal, and Edmonton.

加拿大日益成为AI外国投资的全球枢纽。 加拿大的区域AI开发中心是多伦多，蒙特利尔和埃德蒙顿。

Global businesses are turning to AI to generate efficiencies, increase productivity, and solve problems. AI can improve internal processes, enhance customer experience, manage risks, and can even create new products or services.

全球企业正在转向AI以提高效率，提高生产率并解决问题。 人工智能可以改善内部流程，增强客户体验，管理风险，甚至可以创建新产品或服务。

Current examples of AI include Netflix movie recommendations, Spotify’s “made for you” playlists, Alexa’s vast search capabilities, Snapchat augmented reality filters, etc.

当前的AI示例包括Netflix电影推荐，Spotify的“为您量身定制”的播放列表，Alexa的强大搜索功能，Snapchat增强现实过滤器等。

Promising new developments in AI have resulted in significant global growth in research, investment, and AI product development.

人工智能的有希望的新发展已导致研究，投资和人工智能产品开发的全球显着增长。

• Between 1998 and 2018, peer-reviewed AI research accelerated by 300%
  在1998年至2018年之间，经过同行评审的AI研究加速了300％
• In 2019, global AI investment totalled $70 billion
  2019年，全球AI投资总额达到700亿美元

研究结果 (Study Findings)

加拿大的AI (AI in Canada)

Canada is internationally recognized for academic research into AI. The rapid growth in AI research has recently spurred numerous AI startups across the country.

加拿大是国际上对AI进行学术研究的公认机构。 人工智能研究的快速增长最近刺激了全国众多的人工智能初创企业。

Currently, Canada has more than 650 AI startups, 40 accelerators and incubators, and over 60 research labs. Nearly 30% of Canadian startups were launched in 2017/18. International investment followed, with global giants such as Uber, Google, Facebook, and Samsung establishing AI research centres and operations in Canadian cities.

目前，加拿大拥有650多个AI初创公司，40个加速器和孵化器以及60多个研究实验室。 在2017/18年度，近30％的加拿大初创公司成立了。 随后进行了国际投资，Uber，谷歌，Facebook和三星等全球巨头在加拿大城市建立了AI研究中心并开展业务。

• In 2019, Canada ranked among the top five countries for innovative AI-based research
  2019年，加拿大在基于AI的创新研究中名列前五名
• Canada is becoming an international hub for AI startups, alongside US, Japan, and the UK
  加拿大正与美国，日本和英国一起成为AI创业公司的国际枢纽
• Regionally, Toronto, Montreal, Edmonton dominate AI research and startups, with Vancouver, Waterloo, and Quebec City also attracting attention
  在区域上，多伦多，蒙特利尔，埃德蒙顿主导着AI研究和初创公司，温哥华，滑铁卢和魁北克市也吸引了人们的注意

规模AI (Scale AI)

Scale AI is an AI innovation ecosystem comprised of industry, researchers, and business for improving productivity across Canada’s economy through the integration of AI. It is part of the Canadian federal government’s supercluster initiative.

Scale AI是一个由行业，研究人员和企业组成的AI创新生态系统，可通过集成AI来提高整个加拿大经济的生产率。 它是加拿大联邦政府超级集群计划的一部分。

Scale AI also aims to advance Canada’s global standing in AI and attract high-quality investment from abroad. It received more than $250 million from the federal and Quebec governments.

Scale AI还旨在提高加拿大在AI方面的全球地位，并吸引来自国外的高质量投资。 它从联邦政府和魁北克政府获得了超过2.5亿加元的资助。

To date, Scale AI has supported a total of 14 projects across industries such as retail, natural resources, and digital technology. Combined, these projects received over $32 million in funding to develop and scale their businesses.

迄今为止，Scale AI已为零售，自然资源和数字技术等行业的14个项目提供了支持。 这些项目加在一起获得了超过3200万美元的资金，用于发展和扩展业务。

区域中心 (Regional Hubs)

Edmonton

埃德蒙顿

The University of Alberta is a top-tier institution for computer science and AI. It is home of Canada’s first Computing Science department (est. 1964), with about 20 faculty members work in AI-related research.

艾伯塔大学是计算机科学和AI的顶级大学。 它是加拿大第一个计算机科学系(成立于1964年)的所在地，约有20名教职员工从事与AI相关的研究。

Edmonton-based AI trailblazer, the Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii) is a key fixture of Alberta’s thriving machine intelligence ecosystem and a key partner in many notable AI achievements over the past 15 years.

总部位于埃德蒙顿的AI开拓者，艾伯塔省机器智能研究所(Amii)是艾伯塔省蓬勃发展的机器智能生态系统的重要组成部分，并且是过去15年中许多卓越的AI成就的重要合作伙伴。

• The UofA recently partnered with Amii, with a focus on projects such as a digital chat companion for elderly Albertans, game development, clinical decision making, and financial portfolio balancing
  UofA最近与Amii合作，专注于一些项目，例如针对艾伯塔省年长者的数字聊天伙伴，游戏开发，临床决策和财务投资组合平衡
• Google’s DeepMind, the Royal Bank of Canada, Mitsubishi Electric, IBM and Volkswagen have partnered with Amii to conduct research on AI applications and solutions across sectors
  谷歌的DeepMind，加拿大皇家银行，三菱电机，IBM和大众汽车已经与Amii合作进行跨部门的AI应用程序和解决方案研究
• Local startup-support groups also work with Amii to grow talent and accelerate local ecosystem growth
  本地创业支持小组还与Amii合作，以培养人才并加快本地生态系统的增长
• Edmonton.AI works with Amii. Its mission is to create 100 AI and machine learning companies and projects in the city
  Edmonton.AI与Amii合作。 其任务是在城市创建100个AI和机器学习公司及项目

Montreal

蒙特利尔

Montreal has the highest concentration of AI researchers in the world, with world-renowned research talent and more than 9,000 students in AI-related programs.

蒙特利尔是全球AI研究人员最集中的国家，拥有世界知名的研究人才，并且有9,000多名与AI相关计划的学生。

McGill University was ranked 35th top university in the world by QS World University Rankings in 2019.

麦吉尔大学在2019年QS世界大学排名中排名全球第35名。

The Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (Mila) is another key pillar of Montreal’s strength in AI research. Mila was founded by AI expert Yoshua Bengio, one of the world’s most cited computer scientists, famous for his work in neural networks and deep learning.

蒙特利尔学习算法研究所(Mila)是蒙特利尔在AI研究领域的实力的另一个重要Struts。 Mila由AI专家Yoshua Bengio创建，Yoshua Bengio是世界上被引用次数最多的计算机科学家之一，以在神经网络和深度学习领域的工作而闻名。

• In 2018, Mila’s Bengio (along with French-American Yann LeCun and British-Canadian Geoffrey Hinton) won the Turing Award — the” Nobel Prize” of computing
  2018年，Mila的Bengio(以及法裔美国人Yann LeCun和英裔加拿大人Geoffrey Hinton)获得了图灵奖-计算机的“诺贝尔奖”。
• Mila attracted substantial investment from government, industry, Google, and Microsoft
  Mila吸引了来自政府，行业，谷歌和微软的大量投资
• Currently, the Mila community has more than 450 researchers, focussed on deep learning, bioinformatics, computer vision, and neural networks
  目前，Mila社区拥有450多名研究人员，专注于深度学习，生物信息学，计算机视觉和神经网络

Montreal has over 120 AI startups, including Canada’s most recognizable AI company, Element AI (founded by Yoshua Bengio).

蒙特利尔拥有120多家AI初创公司，其中包括加拿大最知名的AI公司Element AI(由Yoshua Bengio创建)。