目录

Docker基本命令

查看docker的信息

对image的操作

对容器的操作

Docker基本命令

查看docker的信息

查看docker的版本

[root@cloud ~]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.7 此处显示客户端的版本 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.17 Git commit: 7141c199a2 Built: Wed Mar 4 01:24:10 2020 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.7 显示服务端的版本 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) 接口的版本 Go version: go1.12.17 Git commit: 7141c199a2 Built: Wed Mar 4 01:22:45 2020 创建时间 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.13 GitCommit: 7adfa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429 runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc10 GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683 [root@cloud ~]# 

显示docker系统的详细信息

讯享网[root@cloud ~]# docker info Client: Debug Mode: false 客户端模块没有开启 Server: Containers: 0 表示没有容器存在 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 1 表示存在一个镜像 Server Version: 19.03.7 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: <unknown> Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: 插件信息 Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 7adfa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429 runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd init version: fec3683 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.21.3.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 3.701GiB Name: cloud ID: OJQP:OD7B:TA23:O7ZU:CIYO:CKPO:XN4S:GOQI:ORFF:2JEU:ERED:KAF2 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Registry Mirrors: https://dnntzrw4.mirror.aliyuncs.com/ Live Restore Enabled: false [root@cloud ~]# 

对image的操作

检索image

name表示镜像名字 DESCRIPTION 表示该镜像的功能 STARS表示下载热度 [root@cloud docker]# docker search httpd NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED httpd The Apache HTTP Server Project 2903 [OK] centos/httpd-24-centos7 Platform for running Apache httpd 2.4 or bui… 30 centos/httpd 28 [OK] salim1983hoop/httpd24 Dockerfile running apache config 2 [OK] lead4good/httpd-fpm httpd server which connects via fcgi proxy h… 1 [OK] jonathanheilmann/httpd-alpine-rewrite httpd:alpine with enabled mod_rewrite 1 [OK] clearlinux/httpd httpd HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) ser… 1 solsson/httpd-openidc mod_auth_openidc on official httpd image, ve… 1 [OK] dariko/httpd-rproxy-ldap Apache httpd reverse proxy with LDAP authent… 1 [OK] appertly/httpd Customized Apache HTTPD that uses a PHP-FPM … 0 [OK] dockerpinata/httpd 0 interlutions/httpd httpd docker image with debian-based config … 0 [OK] itsziget/httpd24 Extended HTTPD Docker image based on the off… 0 [OK] manasip/httpd 0 izdock/httpd Production ready Apache HTTPD Web Server + m… 0 trollin/httpd 0 amd64/httpd The Apache HTTP Server Project 0 e2eteam/httpd 0 manageiq/httpd_configmap_generator Httpd Configmap Generator 0 [OK] publici/httpd httpd:latest 0 [OK] hypoport/httpd-cgi httpd-cgi 0 [OK] manageiq/httpd Container with httpd, built on CentOS for Ma… 0 [OK] alvistack/httpd Docker Image Packaging for Apache 0 [OK] buzzardev/httpd Based on the official httpd image 0 [OK] ppc64le/httpd The Apache HTTP Server Project 0 -s + 数字，表示过滤该数字下的镜像 [root@cloud docker]# docker search nginx -s 1000 Flag --stars has been deprecated, use --filter=stars=3 instead NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 12795 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 1752 [OK] [root@cloud docker]# 

下载image

讯享网一般下载镜像前会先检索一下镜像 [root@cloud ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/mysql 68ced04f60ab: Already exists f9748e016a5c: Pull complete da54b038fed1: Pull complete 6895ec5eb2c0: Pull complete 111ba0647b87: Pull complete c1dce60f2f1a: Pull complete 702ec598d0af: Pull complete 4aba2fcbe869: Pull complete b26bbbd533e6: Pull complete 7bd100a66c55: Pull complete a: Pull complete 145ea1f01648: Pull complete Digest: sha256:4a30434ce03d2fa396d0414f075ad9ca9b0b578f14ea5685e24dcbfa2c Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest 

列出镜像列表

REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源 TAG：镜像的标签 IMAGE ID：镜像ID CREATE镜像在共有仓库最新更新时间 SIZE 镜像大小 [root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# 

获取镜像的详细信息（docker inspect + IMAGE ID）

讯享网[root@cloud ~]# docker inspect 9b51d [ { "Id": "sha256:9b51d46e03bb86e16a0fe0051d6518ba7ae39c8780fc2323fd637", "RepoTags": [ "mysql:latest" ], "RepoDigests": [ "mysql@sha256:4a30434ce03d2fa396d0414f075ad9ca9b0b578f14ea5685e24dcbfa2c" ], "Parent": "", ...

添加镜像的标签（相当于生成一个新的镜像）

[root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql latest 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# docker tag mysql:latest mysql:database [root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql database 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB mysql latest 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# 命令格式为 docker tag 镜像名:原标签名 镜像名:新标签名

删除镜像（格式：docker rmi 镜像名：标签名 ）

讯享网

讯享网[root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql database 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB mysql latest 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# docker rmi mysql:latest Untagged: mysql:latest [root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql database 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB 

查看镜像的历史信息（格式：docker history 镜像名：标签名）

[root@cloud ~]# docker history httpd:latest IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["httpd-foreground"] 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:c432ff61c4993ecd… 138B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGWINCH 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; savedAptMark="$(apt-m… 60.7MB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_PATCHES= 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_SHA256=133d4829… 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_VERSION=2.4.41 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -eux; apt-get update; apt-g… 35.4MB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local/apache2 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p "$HTTPD_PREFIX" && chow… 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PATH=/usr/local/apach… 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV HTTPD_PREFIX=/usr/loc… 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:e5ae0f69616… 69.2MB [root@cloud ~]# 

导出已经下载好的镜像

讯享网[root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql database 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# ls save表示保存 -o表示自定义命名 [root@cloud ~]# docker save -o mysql mysql:database [root@cloud ~]# ls mysql [root@cloud ~]# ll -h total 527M -rw------- 1 root root 527M Mar 12 17:54 mysql [root@cloud ~]# 

载入镜像到docker里面（载入有两种格式，1：docker load < j镜像名；2：docker --input 镜像名）

[root@cloud ~]# ls mysql [root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql database 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# docker rmi mysql:database Untagged: mysql:database Untagged: mysql@sha256:4a30434ce03d2fa396d0414f075ad9ca9b0b578f14ea5685e24dcbfa2c Deleted: sha256:9b51d46e03bb86e16a0fe0051d6518ba7ae39c8780fc2323fd637 Deleted: sha256:3b5f20d41febdab347e9f5bea57dc9caeea2dd5cbb7c7213bf Deleted: sha256:0c9402cadbef6d34b3c8db27a0dc2de41cabcec7bd325c1 Deleted: sha256:177cc2687f69bb1cb16c1d6c82351e9f0ab5e7729d48ffab311b85be Deleted: sha256:67ef0f5e0163e7592aeff6a5ecfe644a67e465cff8ffc5be0 Deleted: sha256:85437a1ffeff1881a5b2d12bc0e17fa299cbba52cc6e2bb23f27d160bd Deleted: sha256:1dc77e60e1b82d40abf76f305b0854f0e3ad0352f7eb955b84dfe9f5 Deleted: sha256:f145e1f715e622fbdb1677a24ca723e52a4bd921ad656faab61f537d3f326c4a Deleted: sha256:b1dbb44d9f303b7b24defc06cc8b6c58a38a0c3ed7e917adc309d5a75926dace Deleted: sha256:c92180bc575fea05e5dd83cbad7d2fdf162b00818b101b2baabda04ac Deleted: sha256:c8420ebfba3078cd14bed76ee7d244b6ce4abad47f4feea6f03bd575e Deleted: sha256:bbb9cccab59a16cb6da78f8879e9d07a19e3a8d49010ab9c98a2c348fa116c87 [root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# docker load < mysql a9f6b7c7101b: Loading layer [==================================================>] 338.4kB/338.4kB 0c615b40cc37: Loading layer [==================================================>] 9.539MB/9.539MB ad160f341db9: Loading layer [==================================================>] 4.495MB/4.495MB 1ea6ef84dc3a: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.536kB/1.536kB 6fce4d95d4af: Loading layer [==================================================>] 53.75MB/53.75MB 6de3946ea013: Loading layer [==================================================>] 6.656kB/6.656kB d501f79e3989: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB 1ca405fbe05e: Loading layer [==================================================>] 411.2MB/411.2MB dbfa2f8c95c3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 5.632kB/5.632kB f1a617f37b0a: Loading layer [==================================================>] 16.38kB/16.38kB 2ea3f5d1b2f3: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.536kB/1.536kB Loaded image: mysql:database [root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql database 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB [root@cloud ~]# 

上传镜像到公有仓库（必须要有docker官方账号，且创建公有仓库）

讯享网#登录 docker login 输入账号、密码 #上传 docker push 镜像名；标签名(一般公司使用私有仓库)

对容器的操作

创建容器

[root@cloud ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE mysql database 9b51d 7 days ago 547MB httpd latest c5a012f9cf45 2 weeks ago 165MB 创建容器前需要保证有该镜像 -i表示输入，-t表示绑定终端 /bin/bash表示运行环境 执行create创建容器之后会生成一个唯一的容器ID [root@cloud ~]# docker create -it httpd:latest /bin/bash 648b7be24b89616af0c1bd8c1dc061b6612bf2e12ff9573d20ea 

查看容器信息

讯享网[root@cloud ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 648b7be24b89 httpd:latest "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Created pedantic_hamilton [root@cloud ~]# 执行docker ps -a可以查看所有容器的状态，STATUS表示容器的状态 有如下参数 -a:查看正在运行和历史运行的容器； -l 显示最近创建的容器； -n 显示最近n个创建的容器； -q 静默模式，只显示容器编号； --no-trunc 不截断输出；

启动容器

命令格式：docker start + 容器ID 再次查看容器状态时，显示Up状态，出现PORTS数据 [root@cloud ~]# docker start 648b7be24b89 648b7be24b89 [root@cloud ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 648b7be24b89 httpd:latest "/bin/bash" 17 minutes ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp pedantic_hamilton [root@cloud ~]# 

run命令

讯享网命令格式：docker run 镜像名 /usr/bin/bash -c ls / /usr/bin/bash指定运行环境，-c指定执行命令，/表示在根目录下 （docker run命令会执行从创建容器，开启容器，执行命令，关闭容器等一系列过程） （如果没有创建容器，没有镜像，就会从下载镜像开始执行，一直到关闭容器） （执行完成后直接关闭，状态为exited） 

进入容器与退出容器

进入容器，前提是容器在开启状态 [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9074bddd65ba centos:latest "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up 2 seconds loving_bouman bf3c9de66574 httpd "/usr/bin/bash -c ll…" 6 minutes ago Created 80/tcp frosty_mendel [root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 9074bddd65ba /bin/bash [root@9074bddd65ba /]# ls bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var 使用exit命令退出容器 [root@9074bddd65ba /]# exit exit [root@localhost ~]# 

关闭容器

讯享网[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9074bddd65ba centos:latest "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Up 6 minutes loving_bouman [root@localhost ~]# docker stop 9074bddd65ba 9074bddd65ba [root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9074bddd65ba centos:latest "/bin/bash" 8 minutes ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago loving_bouman [root@localhost ~]# 

导出容器（格式为：docker export 容器ID > 定义容器名）

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 9074bddd65ba centos:latest "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) About a minute ago loving_bouman [root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt [root@localhost mnt]# ls [root@localhost mnt]# docker export 9074bddd65ba > centos -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3月 12 22:08 centos [root@localhost mnt]# ll -h 总用量 234M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 234M 3月 12 22:08 centos [root@localhost mnt]# 

导入容器

讯享网导入容器只会生成镜像 命令格式：cat 容器名 | docker import - 镜像:标签 [root@localhost mnt]# ls centos [root@localhost mnt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost mnt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@localhost mnt]# cat centos | docker import - centos:system sha256:33857cc1683df9c35b9c6d45cc69fc4c5fb250cd99aab95d2 [root@localhost mnt]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos system 33857c 6 seconds ago 237MB [root@localhost mnt]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@localhost mnt]# 

删除容器

删除容器（必须先删除容器才能删镜像） docker rm 容器ID 批量删除容器（不能删除运行的容器） docker ps -aq | awk '{print "docker rm " $1}' | bash （awk打印） 删除所有终止的容器 docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) [root@cloud ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d7db httpd "/usr/bin/bash -c ll…" 36 minutes ago Created 80/tcp romantic_turing [root@cloud ~]# docker rm d7db d7db [root@cloud ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@cloud ~]#