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2025年najios从入门到精通

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najios从入门到精通注 本环境默认安装在 usr local nagios 中 nagios 版本 nagios 4 2 4 插件版本 nagios plugins 2 1 2 本环境默认防火墙关闭 systemctl stop firewalld 实验环境如下 Host Name OS IP

大家好，我是讯享网，很高兴认识大家。
实验环境如下：

Host Name OS IP Software
Nagios-Server CentOS 7 192.168.32.140 Apache、Php、Nagios、nagios-plugins
Nagios-Client CentOS 7 192.168.32.139 nagios-plugins、nrpe

本文基于centos最小化安装
本文分为以下几个部分：
1. Nagios介绍和yum 安装web环境
2. Nagios4.2源码包编译
3. Nagios插件源码编译安装以及配置解读
4. Nagios实现邮件告警
5. Nagios 使用nrpe监控远程Linux
6. Nagios安装pnp4nagios实现绘图

一 Nagios介绍和yum安装web环境

1.1 安装apache+php环境

yum install -y httpd php

讯享网

1.2 设置apache和自动启动 

讯享网systemctl restart httpd #启动httpd systemclt enable httpd #设置为开机默认启动

1.3 测试apache是否启动 /var/www/html/index.html

<html> <head>test apache</head> <body> <h1>test apache </h1> </body> </html>

1.4 测试apache+php是否启动成功/var/www/html/test.php

讯享网<?php echo "test php " ?>

1.5 ntpdata统一系统时间

yum install -y ntpdate ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org

二 Nagios4.2源码包编译

2.1 安装nagios依赖包

讯享网yum install -y gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel unzip perl

2.2 添加用户并授权 

mkdir /usr/local/nagios useradd nagios -s /sbin/nologin -M chown nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios/ ll -d /usr/local/nagios/

2.3 下载并安装nagios4.2.4

讯享网tar zxvf nagios-4.2.4.tar.gz cd nagios-4.2.4 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios make all #编译 make install #安装 make install-init #管理nagios服务的脚本 make install-commandmode #权限配置 make install-config #配置文件安装 make install-webconf #httpd支持nagios的配置(需要重启httpd)

2.4 检测nagios core是否安装成功

2.4.1 查看nagios core安装版本

[root@anan nagios-4.2.4]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios --version Nagios Core 4.2.4 Copyright (c) 2009-present Nagios Core Development Team and Community Contributors Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Ethan Galstad Last Modified: 2017-08-24 License: GPL Website: https://www.nagios.org This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

2.4.2 检查是否生成了对应httpd的web配置文件 

讯享网ls -al /etc/httpd/conf.d/

nagios配置文件
讯享网

2.4.2 cd /usr/local/nagios/ #查看是否有以下几个目录

bin:Nagios #可执行程序所在目录 etc:Nagios #配置文件所在目录 sbin:nagios #CGI文件所在目录，也就是执行外部命令所需要文件的所在的目录 share: #nagios网页文件所在的目录 libexec: #nagios外部插件 所在目录 var: #nagios日志文件，lock等文件所在的目录

2.5 为nagios添加默认登陆名nagiosadmin 并设置密码

讯享网htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin

2.6 配置页面检测是否正常并添加别名放入.bashrc中

alias nagioscheck='/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg'

2.7 nagios服务器管理

讯享网chkconfig --add nagios #nagios加入服务管理 systemctl enable nagios #设置开机启动 systemctl restart nagios #启动nagios systemctl restart httpd #重启httpd

2.8 登陆网页localhost/nagios输入用户名和密码进入网站

nagios搭建完成

三 Nagios插件源码编译安装以及配置解读

3.1 下载并安装

wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz tar zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz cd zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios/ --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios make && make install

3.2 检查nagios插件是否安装成功

讯享网ll -h /usr/local/nagios/libexec/

这里写图片描述

3.3 修改主机配置文件 添加或者减少需要监控的内容

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg

3.4 简化nagios配置

讯享网cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg | egrep -v '^#|^$'

3.5 nagios配置简要说明

log_file=/usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg #命令配置文件 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg #联系人配置文件 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/timeperiods.cfg #检测时间配置 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg #模板配置 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg #主机配置 cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/resource.cf #宏定义配置

3.6 添加主机监控目录/usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

讯享网cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts #需要创建文件夹 该目录下的所有配置文件都会被加载

3.7 自定义添加监控主机 监控主机组以及监控对象 vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts/140.cfg

定义主机 define host{ use linux-server host_name nagios_192.168.32.140 address 192.168.32.140 } 定义主机组 define hostgroup{ hostgroup_name localgroup alias localgroup members nagios_192.168.32.140 } 定义监控服务 define service{ use generic-service host_name nagios_192.168.32.140 service_description ping_www check_command check_ping!30.0,10%!100.0,40% } define service { use generic-service host_name nagios_192.168.32.140 service_description check_Port 80 check_command check_tcp!80 } define service { use generic-service host_name nagios_192.168.32.140 service_description check_Port82 check_command check_tcp!80 }

四 Nagios实现邮件告警

4.1 编写邮件脚本 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/nagios_email.py

讯享网#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header import smtplib import sys smtpaddr = 'smtp.163.com' #smtpaddr = 'smtp..com' myemail='@163.com' #password='password' #输入你的密码 #f = open('/usr/local/nagios/libexec/password','r') #password = f.readline() recvmail=sys.argv[1] subject=sys.argv[2] content=sys.argv[3] msg = MIMEText("""%s"""%(content), "html", "utf-8") msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8').encode() msg['From'] = myemail msg['To'] = recvmail try: server = smtplib.SMTP() server.connect(smtpaddr, "25") server.starttls() server.login(myemail, password) server.sendmail(myemail, recvmail.split(','), msg.as_string()) server.quit() print("success") except Exception, e: print("fail: "+str(e))

4.2 测试邮件接收是否正常

chmod a+x /usr/local/nagios/libexec/nagios_email.py /usr/local/nagios/libexec/nagios_email.py "@163.com" "disk not enough" "disk is <20"

4.3 定义邮件接收人：contacts.cfg 

讯享网define contact{ contact_name nagiosadmin use generic.contact alias Nagios Admin email nagios@localhost #这里改为需要接收信息的邮箱 }

4.4 更改默认的告警配置，使用python脚本发送
/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg

define command{ command_name notify-service-by-email command_line python /usr/local/nagios/libexec/nagios_email.py $CONTACTEMAIL$ " $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Service Alert: $HOSTALIAS$/$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$ " "* Nagios *<br /><br />Notification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$<br /><br />Service: $SERVICEDESC$<br />Host: $HOSTALIAS$<br />Address: $HOSTADDRESS$<br />State: $SERVICESTATE$<br /><br />Date/Time: $LONGDATETIME$<br /><br />Additional Info:<br /><br />$SERVICEOUTPUT$<br />" }

五 Nagios 使用nrpe监控远程Linux

注：nagios需要安装nrpe和nagios-plugins

5.1 安装nrpe插件 :

讯享网 yum install gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel openssl make #安装基本依赖 wget https://github.com/NagiosEnterprises/nrpe/releases/download/nrpe-3.2.1/nrpe-3.2.1.tar.gz tar zxvf nrpe-3.2.1.tar.gz cd nrpe-3.2.1 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios make all make install make install-config

5.2 nrpe是否安装成功

 ll -h /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe

这里写图片描述

5.3 简化 nrpe配置并添加nagios_server可以监控nagios_client

讯享网cp /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg_bak cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg |egrep -v '^#|^$'

nagios_client修改/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,::1,192.168.32.140 #添加nagios_server服务器ip

5.4 启动nrpe 

讯享网/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

5.5 查看5666端口是否启动

netstat -tulnp |grep nrpe

这里写图片描述

5.6 nrpe启动测试

讯享网/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.32.139 #远程服务器ip

5.7 nagios_service添加被监控主机服务 (参考主机监控)

定义主机 define host{ use linux-server host_name nagios_192.168.32.139 address 192.168.32.139 } 定义主机组 define hostgroup{ hostgroup_name 192.168.32.139 alias localgroup members nagios_192.168.32.139 } 定义监控服务 define service{ use generic-service host_name nagios_192.168.32.139 service_description ping_www check_command check_ping!30.0,10%!100.0,40% } define service { use generic-service host_name nagios_192.168.32.139 service_description check_Port 80 check_command check_tcp!80 } define service { use generic-service host_name nagios_192.168.32.139 service_description check_Port82 check_command check_tcp!80 }

这里写图片描述

使用NRPE监控Linux cpu信息

讯享网define command{ command_name check_nrpe command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$  } 
define service{ use generic-service host_name nagios_192.168.32.139 service_description check_Load check_command check_nrpe!check_load }

六：Nagios安装pnp4nagios实现绘图

6.1 pnp4nagios的安装

讯享网yum -y install rrdtool rrdtool-devel perl-rrdtool perl-Time-HiRes php-gd cd /usr/local/src/ wget 'https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pnp4nagios/PNP-0.6/pnp4nagios-0.6.26.tar.gz' tar -zxvf pnp4nagios-0.6.26.tar.gz cd pnp4nagios-0.6.26 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pnp4nagios --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios make all make install #安装pnp4nagios的主程序和web文件 make install-config #安装配置文件 make install-init #安装启动脚本 make install-webconf #安装网页配置(重启httpd)

6.2 验证pnp4nagios的安装

/usr/local/pnp4nagios/bin/npcd --version

6.3 更新pnp4nagios的配置

讯享网cd /usr/local/pnp4nagios/etc/ cp misccommands.cfg-sample misccommands.cfg cp nagios.cfg-sample.nagios.cfg cp rra.cfg-sample rra.cfg

未完待续……

错误记录：

问题一：连接失败

[root@anan var]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.32.139 connect to address 192.168.32.139 port 5666: No route to host connect to host 192.168.32.139 port 5666: No route to host

原因：防火墙未关闭，关闭防火墙后正常

问题二：没有/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg该文件

原因：未在安装nrpe时没有执行make install-config命令

问题三：安装pnp4nagios不要放在/usr/local/nagios下 否则会覆盖nagios页面 导致页面失败

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