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一般过去时和现在完成时的比较 /o:p

1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。例如：She has cleaned the room.It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状有关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。) /o:p

2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film.（我看过那部电影了。）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般过去进来表达。例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.(你什么时候看了那部电影？我昨天看的。)不能说：When have you seen that film?I have seen it yesterday. /o:p

1. We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? /o:p

A. was happening    B. happens      C. has happened    D. happened /o:p

解析：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况. /o:p

2. Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? /o:p

A. don’t know; were you    B. hadn’t known; are you   C. haven’t known; are    D. didn’t know; have you been /o:p

解析： didn’t know 强调见面前原不知道. /o:p

3. I’m glad to tell you that we _____ the work in less time than we _____ expected to. /o:p

A. finished; were    B. have finished; are    C. have finished; were           D. had finished; were /o:p

解析：全句含义为 “我们现在已经比预期的(强调过去)提前完成任务( 强调现在). /o:p

4. It _____ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. /o:p

A. finds     B. has found    C. was found     D. has been found /o:p

. 解析：为被动语态的现在完成时, 强调that 从句的内容现在已被发现,为人所知. /o:p

5. When I was at college I _______ three foreign language but I ________ all except a few words of each. /o:p

A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten   C. had spoken; had forgotten    C. had spoken; have forgotten /o:p

解析：注意when I was at college 是指过去的某一时间,动词应用一般过去时; I have forgotten 是指现在的情况. /o:p

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 /o:p

1. — Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “— I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. /o:p

A. painted     B. had painted    C. have been painting    D. have painted /o:p

解析：强调动作从过去到现在的延续，而非动作的结果 /o:p

2. — Have you had any letters from him?  — No, I haven’t, but my wife _______ him regularly . /o:p

A. has heard from   B. has been hearing from    C. had heard from    D. hears /o:p

解析：不强调结果，A错；不是指目前一般的情况，D错；是指从过去延续到现在的情况． /o:p