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February 7, 2023
OSPF Header Format and Packets Types [Explained with Wireshark Captures]
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  • Type 1: Hello 类型1:Hello
  • Type 2: Database description (DBD)
    类型 2:数据库描述 (DBD)
  • Type 3: Link State Request (LSR)
    类型 3:链路状态请求 (LSR)
  • Type 4: Link State Update (LSU)
    类型 4:链路状态更新 (LSU)
  • Type 5: Link State Acknowledgement (LSAck)
    类型 5:链路状态确认 (LSAck)

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Let’s take and Example of an OSPF Hello Packet from a Wireshark capture:
让我们以 Wireshark 捕获的 OSPF Hello 数据包为例:

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Database description messages contain descriptions of the topology of the autonomous system or area. They convey the contents of the link-state database (LSDB) for the area from one router to another.
数据库描述消息包含自治系统或区域的拓扑描述。它们将该区域的链路状态数据库 (LSDB) 的内容从一个路由器传送到另一个路由器。

  • Please note that this election isn’t related to DR and BDR election.
    请注意,此次选举与 DR 和 BDR 选举无关。

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  • Interface MTU: Specifies the largest IP datagram in bytes that the interface can send without fragmentation (can cause the adjacency to be stuck in the Exchange state, if mismatch)
    接口 MTU:指定接口可以在不分段的情况下发送的最大 IP 数据报(以字节为单位)(如果不匹配,可能导致邻接关系停滞在 Exchange 状态)
  • I (Initial):
    – set to 1 if the packet is the first DD packet.
    – It is set to 0 if not.
    I(初始): – 如果数据包是第一个 DD 数据包,则设置为 1。 – 如果不是,则设置为 0。
  • M (More):
    – set to 0 if the packet is the last DD packet.
    – It is set to 1 if more DD packets are to follow.
    M (更多): – 如果数据包是最后一个 DD 数据包,则设置为 0。 – 如果要跟踪更多 DD 数据包,则将其设置为 1。
  • MS (Master/Slave): The Master/Slave bit.
    – When set to 1, it indicates that the router is the master during the database exchange process.
    – When set to 0, the router is the slave router.
    MS(Master/Slave):主/从位。 – 设置为 1 时,表示路由器是数据库交换过程中的主路由器。 – 当设置为 0 时,路由器为从路由器。
  • DD sequence number: Used to sequence the collection of DD packets.
    The initial value is set by the master. The DD sequence number then increments until the complete database description has been sent.
    DD 序列号:用于对 DD 数据包的收集进行排序。 初始值由主机设置。然后,DD 序列号会递增,直到发送完完整的数据库描述。

Let’s take and Example of an OSPF BDB Packet from a Wireshark capture:
让我们以 Wireshark 捕获的 OSPF BDB 数据包为例:

  • DBD message From Slave (sequence 9015):
    来自从站的 DBD 消息(序列 9015):

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  • DBD message From Master (sequence 9015 + 1):
    来自主服务器的 DBD 消息(序列 9015 + 1):

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If a portion of the LSDB is missing, Link state request messages can be by one router to request updated information . The message specifies the link(s) for which the requesting device wants more current information.
如果LSDB的一部分丢失,则链路状态请求消息可以由一个路由器请求更新的信息。该消息指定了请求设备需要更多最新信息的链接。

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  • Link-state update messages contain updated information about the state of certain links on the LSDB. They are sent in response to a link state request message, and also broadcast or multicast by routers on a regular basis. Their contents are used to update the information in the LSDBs of routers that receive them.
    链路状态更新消息包含有关 LSDB 上某些链路状态的更新信息。它们是为了响应链路状态请求消息而发送的,并且还由路由器定期广播或组播。它们的内容用于更新接收它们的路由器的 LSDB 中的信息。
  • Link State Update (LSU) enable the flooding of LSAs. Each LSA contains routing, metric and topology information to describe a portion of OSPF network. The LSA are advertised within an LSU packet to its neighboring routers.
    链路状态更新 (LSU) 启用 LSA 泛洪。每个 LSA 都包含路由、度量和拓扑信息,用于描述 OSPF 网络的一部分。LSA 在 LSU 数据包中通告到其相邻路由器。

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The Router 192.168.2.4 is the DROther for the network 192.168.2.0/24, as a result, it will send a transit sub-LSA for it indicating the DR IP address and his own IP.

路由器 192.168.2.4 是网络 192.168.2.0/24 的 DROther,因此,它将为其发送一个传输子 LSA,指示 DR IP 地址和他自己的 IP。

To understand the advertised LSA, let’s check the Router LSA sub-types:
要了解播发的 LSA,让我们检查路由器 LSA 子类型:

OSPF LSA-Type-1 Sub-Types OSPF LSA-Type-1 亚型 P2P Transit 通过 Stub Virtual Link 虚拟链接 Link ID 链接 ID Neighbor’s ID 邻居的 ID IP Address of the DR DR 的 IP 地址 IP Network Number IP 网络号码 Neighbor’s ID 邻居的 ID Link Data 链接数据 Interface IP Address 接口 IP 地址 Interface IP 接口 IP Subnet mask 子网掩码 Interface IP Address 接口 IP 地址
Network type 网络类型 Point to point (P2P) 点对点 (P2P) Broadcast (default) 广播 (默认) Non-Broadcast Multi-Access (NBMA) 非广播 多路接入 (国家银行业局) Point to Multipoint 点对多点 Imported in to OSPF LSDB as: 作为以下方式导入到 OSPF LSDB: Stub and p2p 存根和 p2p Transit 通过 Transit 通过 Stub and p2p 存根和 p2p

Note: If the link type Broadcast, but the router didn’t learn any neighbor on that link, it will advertise it as stub sub-LSA-1 (Network IP and mask)

注意:如果链路类型为广播,但路由器未了解该链路上的任何邻居,则会将其通告为末节子LSA-1(网络IP和掩码)

Link-state acknowledgment messages is used for acknowledging receipt of a Link State Update message. It ensure the reliability to the link-state exchange process.
链路状态确认消息用于确认收到链路状态更新消息。它确保了链路状态交换过程的可靠性。

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via:

  • OSPF Header Format and Packets Types [Explained with Wireshark Captures]

    https://learnduty.com/network-techs/ospf-header-format-and-packets-types-explained-with-wireshark-captures/

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