<p>高中英语定语从句说课稿</p> <p>　　定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词。它是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，也是历年高考的热点。如下是小编给大家整理的高中英语定语从句说课稿，希望对大家有所作用。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img loading="lazy" src="https://p.9136.com/00/l/lm627.jpg" alt="高中英语定语从句说课稿"/></p><p>　　<strong>Ⅰ.概念：</strong></p><p>　　(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。</p><p>　　(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。</p><p>　　(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。</p><p>　　关系词的作用：</p><p>　　1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；</p><p>　　2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）</p><p>　　常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose在从句中作定语)</p><p>　　常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where</p><p>　　The student who answered the question was John.</p><p>　　I know the reason why he was so angry.</p><p>　　The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother.</p><p>　　I&#39;d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.</p><p>　　定语从句三步：</p><p>　　第一找出先行词；</p><p>　　第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；</p><p>　　第三选择合适的关系词。</p><p>　　<strong>Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：</strong></p><p>　　●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：</p><p>　　1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?</p><p>　　2. You can take anything ( that) you like.</p><p>　　3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?</p><p>　　4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.</p><p>　　5. She&#39;s no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.</p><p>　　●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如：</p><p>　　1. The bookwhich/that was on the desk was bought by my father.</p><p>　　2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.</p><p>　　3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.</p><p>　　●who, whom, whose:</p><p>　　who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人</p><p>　　whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人</p><p>　　whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。</p><p>　　1. I like the students who/that work hard.</p><p>　　2. All who heard the story were amazed.</p><p>　　(代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)</p><p>　　3. He&#39;s a man from whom we should learn.</p><p>　　= He&#39;s a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.</p><p>　　4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.</p><p>　　5. I&#39;d like a room whose window faces south.</p><p>　　=I&#39;d like a room of which the window faces south.</p><p>　　=I&#39;d like a room the window of which faces south.</p><p>　　关系代词作介词宾语： （介词+ whom / which）</p><p>　　关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。）</p><p>　　1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.</p><p>　　2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？</p><p>　　= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?</p><p>　　3. Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?</p><p>　　4. Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?</p><p>　　5. This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词after与look构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of等)</p><p>　　●as 的.用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)</p><p>　　①如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as等结构中。</p><p>　　1. I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。</p><p>　　2. .---Why didn&#39;t you mention that in face of the police just now?</p><p>　　--- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.</p><p>　　3. Don&#39;t do such things as you are not sure about.</p><p>　　比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in.</p><p>　　I&#39;m wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.</p><p>　　比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句）</p><p>　　Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）</p><p>　　②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为&quot;正如，这一点&quot;。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）</p><p>　　As we all know, smoking is harmful to one&#39;s health . (as 作宾语)</p><p>　　=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one&#39;s health . （as 作主语）</p><p>　　=It&#39;s known to all that smoking is harmful to one&#39;s health .</p><p>　　=Smoking is harmful to one&#39;s health, as we all know .（as 作宾语）</p><p>　　=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one&#39; health.</p><p>　　He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子)</p><p>　　<strong>Ⅲ. 关系副词引导的定语从句:</strong></p><p>　　●When 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）</p><p>　　He came last night when I was out.</p><p>　　We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.</p><p>　　注意：先行词为&quot;时间名词&quot;，可用when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作状语；还可以用which或that 引导，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。</p><p>　　比较:1. I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作状语）</p><p>　　2. I still remember the days which/that we spent together. （作宾语）</p><p>　　3. I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou Ⅴ was launched, which has a great effect on my life.</p><p>　　●Where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词，如：place, school, factory, room, etc.</p><p>　　This is the place where I was born.</p><p>　　I live in the room where /in which he used to live.</p><p>　　注意：先行词是&quot;地点名词&quot;，定语从句可用where引导，还可用which或that引导，which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语。</p><p>　　比较: ※1. This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作状语）</p><p>　　2. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.</p><p>　　3. He&#39;s got himself into a dangerous situation where he&#39;s likely to lose control of the plane.</p><p>　　4. This is the park which/that they visited last year. （作宾语）</p><p>　　●Why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason 时，可用for which指代；当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如：</p><p>　　1. The reason why / for which / (that) he didn&#39;t attend the meeting was that he was ill.</p><p>　　2. I don&#39;t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作宾语）</p><p>　　3. Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主语）</p><p>　　当先行词为way时，the way在从句中作状语时，定语从句常用that, in which,或how引导，that常可以省略。</p><p>　　the way在从句中作主语或宾语时，则用which或that 引导。如:</p><p>　　This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.</p><p>　　比较: Please do the experiment in the way （that/which）I have shown you.</p><p>　　<strong>Ⅳ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：</strong></p><p>　　1. 形式上，非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。</p><p>　　2. 语法上，非限制性定语从句一般不用that.</p><p>　　3. 语义上，限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密，起限定作用，如果去掉了这个定语从句，整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密，对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。</p><p>　　This is the book I like best. 这就是我最喜欢的那本书。</p><p>　　Beijing, which has been China&#39;s capital for more than 800 years, is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中国八百年之久的古都，它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。</p><p>　　4. 翻译时，限制性定语从句可译为一句（较短的一般译为&quot;的&quot;字结构）；而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。（见上句翻译）</p><p>　　比较: He has a sister, who is a musician.</p><p>　　He has a sister who is a musician.</p><p>　　引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词，指人时用who, whom, whose , 指物时用which , whose; 关系副词when，where, why, etc.</p><p>　　1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.</p><p>　　2. Tom&#39;s father, who arrived just now, is a famous scientist.</p><p>　　<strong>Ⅴ. 几个易混淆的关系代词的比较:</strong></p><p>　　●that &amp; which:</p><p>　　在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况.</p><p>　　①先行词为不定代词,all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等,</p><p>　　1.We should do all that is useful to the people .</p><p>　　2.There&#39;s nothing that can be said about it .</p><p>　　3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?</p><p>　　②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。</p><p>　　1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.</p><p>　　2.That&#39;s the very word that is wrongly used.</p><p>　　3. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.</p><p>　　比较 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year.</p><p>　　This is the only one of the best novels that was published last year.</p><p>　　③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。</p><p>　　1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.</p><p>　　2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.</p><p>　　④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。</p><p>　　1.This is the best that can be done now.</p><p>　　2.The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on.</p><p>　　⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.</p><p>　　1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .</p><p>　　2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.</p><p>　　⑥被修饰词为数词时.</p><p>　　1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .</p><p>　　⑦如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。</p><p>　　Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.</p><p>　　⑧疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复。</p><p>　　1. Which is the book that you like best?</p><p>　　2. Who is the man that is standing at the gate?</p><p>　　⑨主句是There be 结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词. 如：</p><p>　　1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.</p><p>　　⑩被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that .</p><p>　　1. That&#39;s a good book that will help you a lot.</p><p>　　2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .</p><p>　　定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情况:</p><p>　　①当关系代词的前面有介词时.</p><p>　　1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.</p><p>　　2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?</p><p>　　②在非限制性定语从句中.</p><p>　　1.Crusoe&#39;s dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .</p><p>　　2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular in our country. (which指代主句)</p><p>　　③在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .</p><p>　　1. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.</p><p>　　④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.</p><p>　　1. Here&#39;s the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.</p><p>　　⑤先行词本身是that, 宜用which .</p><p>　　What&#39;s that which she is looking at?</p><p>　　⑥先行词是those+复数名词.</p><p>　　A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.</p><p>　　●who &amp; that:</p><p>　　who 和 that 指代人时，有些情况宜用who, 而不宜用that</p><p>　　①先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people时. 如：</p><p>　　1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.</p><p>　　2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .</p><p>　　3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once.</p><p>　　②在There be 结构中，修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who 指代人. 如：</p><p>　　1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .</p><p>　　2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.</p><p>　　③当先行词有较长的后置定语时. 如：</p><p>　　1. I met a foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.</p><p>　　●as &amp; which:</p><p>　　as &amp; which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：</p><p>　　①位置的不同：</p><p>　　which 引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：</p><p>　　1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.</p><p>　　2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.</p><p>　　或As you know, Jack is an honest man.</p><p>　　②先行词的不同：</p><p>　　as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；</p><p>　　which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。</p><p>　　1. She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.</p><p>　　2. He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）</p><p>　　3. He is an honest man, as is known to all.</p><p>　　③as 一般译为&quot;正如&quot;&quot;就像&quot;，&quot;这一点&quot;</p><p>　　as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.</p><p><strong>　　高中英语定语从句句型总结</strong></p><p>　　一、疑问句中考查定语从句</p><p>　　1. Is this the farm ________ you visited last week？</p><p>　　A. whereB. the oneC. on whichD. /</p><p>　　【解析】答案是D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。</p><p>　　二、倒装句中考查定语从句</p><p>　　2. We came to a place， ________ stood a big tower.</p><p>　　A. whichB. thatC. /D. where</p><p>　　【解析】正确答案是D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。</p><p>　　三、 拆分词组和固定搭配</p><p>　　3. The second is connected with the use ________ the body makes of food.</p><p>　　A. of whichB. whereC. to doD. that</p><p>　　4. Why can’t you realize the part ________ they have played in our life？</p><p>　　A. whichB. on whichC. whenD. where</p><p>　　【解析】正确答案分别是D和A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part (in)。</p><p>　　四、添加插入语或状语</p><p>　　5. The scientist has made another discovery， _______ I believe is of great importance.</p><p>　　A. thatB. /C. whichD. why</p><p>　　【解析】应选择C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think (suppose， expect， believe， imagine)， in my opinion， to tell you the truth等。做这类题目时，**的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。</p><p>　　五、插入非谓语动词</p><p>　　6. Is this the man ________ you want to have ________</p><p>　　the radio for me？</p><p>　　A. who；repairedB. that；repaired</p><p>　　C. whom；repairingD. that；repair</p><p>　　【解析】D项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You want to have the man repair the radio for me.</p> 

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