第七次的模板类编写要求挺高的，鉴于大家的作业完成得不理想，决定本次作业不纳入最后的作业考核中，只供大家练习（大家没意见吧？）。

对于模板类的几点解释：

一：模板类比较特殊，目前绝大多数编译器不支持模板的分离编译模式，所以有3个方案，

（1）将模板类的声明和定义放到一个头文件（.H文件）中；

（2）或者声明和定义还是分开来写，可以在.h文件的最后将.cpp文件包含进来（参考代码选用这种方式）；

（3）将类和主函数写在一个CPP文件里。（个人比较推荐这种方式应付考试）

（之前几位同学问我的时候我没有去试过，说的不对，误导了，先道个歉，以这次反馈为准）

PS：不多说了，大家直接看参考答案吧。。

Matrix.h

#ifndef MATRIX_H #define MATRIX_H #include <iostream> using namespace std; template <typename elemType, int row = 4, int col = 4> class Matrix { friend class Matrix; template <typename elemType, int row, int col> friend ostream& operator << (ostream&, const Matrix<elemType, row, col>&); public: Matrix(); Matrix(const Matrix&); ~Matrix(); void ReadData(); elemType Max() const; elemType Min() const; template <int irow, int icol> bool operator == (const Matrix<elemType, irow, icol>&) const; Matrix operator + (const Matrix&) const; template<int icol> Matrix<elemType, row, icol> operator * (const Matrix<elemType, col, icol>&) const; private: int _row, _col; elemType _matrix; }; #include "Matrix.cpp" #endif

讯享网

Matrix.cpp

讯享网#ifndef MATRIX_CPP #define MATRIX_CPP #include "Matrix.h" #include <iostream> #include <cstdlib> using namespace std; template <typename elemType, int row, int col> Matrix<elemType, row, col>::Matrix() : _row(row), _col(col) { _matrix = new elemType*[_row]; for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) { _matrix[i] = new elemType[_col]; for (int j = 0; j < _col; j ++) _matrix[i][j] = elemType(); } } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> Matrix<elemType, row, col>::Matrix(const Matrix& rhs) : _row(rhs._row), _col(rhs._col) { _matrix = new elemType*[_row]; for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) { _matrix[i] = new elemType[_col]; for (int j = 0; j < _col; j ++) _matrix[i][j] = rhs._matrix[i][j]; } } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> Matrix<elemType, row, col>::~Matrix() { for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) delete[] _matrix[i]; delete[] _matrix; } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> void Matrix<elemType, row, col>::ReadData() { cout << "Please Input An Matrix Of " << _row << " * " << _col << endl; for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) for (int j = 0; j < _col; j ++) cin >> _matrix[i][j]; } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> elemType Matrix<elemType, row, col>::Max() const { elemType max(_matrix[0][0]); for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) for (int j = 0; j < _col; j ++) if (_matrix[i][j] > max) max = _matrix[i][j]; return max; } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> elemType Matrix<elemType, row, col>::Min() const { elemType min(_matrix[0][0]); for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) for (int j = 0; j < _col; j ++) if (min > _matrix[i][j]) min = _matrix[i][j]; return min; } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> template <int irow, int icol> bool Matrix<elemType, row, col>::operator == (const Matrix<elemType, irow, icol>& rhs) const { if (_row != irow || _col != icol) return false; for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) for (int j = 0; j < _col; j ++) if (_matrix[i][j] != rhs._matrix[i][j]) return false; return true; } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> Matrix<elemType, row, col> Matrix<elemType, row, col>::operator + (const Matrix& rhs) const { Matrix<elemType, row, col> tmp; for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) for (int j = 0; j < _col; j ++) tmp._matrix[i][j] = _matrix[i][j] + rhs._matrix[i][j]; return tmp; } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> template <int icol> Matrix<elemType, row, icol> Matrix<elemType, row, col>::operator * (const Matrix<elemType, col, icol>& rhs) const { Matrix<elemType, row, icol> tmp; for (int i = 0; i < _row; i ++) for (int j = 0; j < rhs._col; j ++) { bool plus = false; for (int k = 0; k < _col; k ++) if (!plus) { tmp._matrix[i][j] = _matrix[i][k] * rhs._matrix[k][j]; plus = true; } else tmp._matrix[i][j] = tmp._matrix[i][j] + _matrix[i][k] * rhs._matrix[k][j]; } return tmp; } template <typename elemType, int row, int col> inline ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Matrix<elemType, row, col>& rhs) { for (int i = 0; i < rhs._row; i ++) { for (int j = 0; j < rhs._col; j ++) os << rhs._matrix[i][j] << " "; os << endl; } return os; } #endif

main.cpp

#include "Matrix.h" #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { Matrix<int, 2, 3> matrix_1; matrix_1.ReadData(); Matrix<int, 2, 3> matrix_2(matrix_1); Matrix<int, 3, 2> matrix_3; matrix_3.ReadData(); cout << "matrix_1:\n" << matrix_1; cout << "matrix_1's maximum number: " << matrix_1.Max() << endl << "matrix_1's minimum number: " << matrix_1.Min() << endl; cout << "matrix_1 " << (matrix_1 == matrix_2 ? "" : "not") << "equal to matrix_2" << endl; cout << "matrix_1:\n" << matrix_1; cout << "matrix_2:\n" << matrix_2; cout << "matrix_1 plus matrix_2" << endl; cout << matrix_1 + matrix_2 << endl; cout << "matrix_1 " << (matrix_1 == matrix_3 ? "" : "not") << "equal to matrix_3" << endl; cout << "matrix_1:\n" << matrix_1; cout << "matrix_3:\n" << matrix_3; cout << "matrix_1 multi matrix_3" << endl << matrix_1 * matrix_3; return 0; }