Gean4的安装

路径问题

在WSL中安装时，需注意Geant4的安装路径是否：

• 路径过长
• 路径中包含中文
• 路径中包含空格 " "
• 路径中包含别的特殊字符

使用anaconda安装

参考官方手册，使用anaconda安装的命令：

 conda create -c conda-forge --name <my-environment> geant4 

注意，conda中启用geant4的命令是：

讯享网conda activate <my-environment> 

conda安装的example/B1的位置在 "~/.conda/envs/geant4/share/Geant4-10.7.2/examples/basic/B1"可以通过如下命令找到：

find ~/.conda/env -name "B1" 

讯享网Could NOT find EXPAT: Found unsuitable version "2.2.9", but required is at least "2.4.1" (found /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libexpat.so) Call Stack (most recent call first): 

在WSL中使用conda安装Geant4（不推荐）

有个异常曲折的方法， 参考这篇和这篇，将wsl的ubuntu升级到ubuntu21.10，然后安装sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev就好了。详细如下：
先给ubuntu换apt源，此过程不赘述。接着更新系统：

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade # 确保更新到最新 vim /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades # 编辑该文件使得最后一行为normal，而不是lts 

讯享网比如，将/etc/update-manager/release-upgrades修改为： ```bash # Default behavior for the release upgrader. [DEFAULT] # Default prompting behavior, valid options: # # never - Never check for a new release. # normal - Check to see if a new release is available. If more than one new # release is found, the release upgrader will attempt to upgrade to # the release that immediately succeeds the currently-running # release. # lts - Check to see if a new LTS release is available. The upgrader # will attempt to upgrade to the first LTS release available after # the currently-running one. Note that this option should not be # used if the currently-running release is not itself an LTS # release, since in that case the upgrader won't be able to # determine if a newer release is available. Prompt=normal ``` 

然后开始更新ubuntu的大版本

sudo do-release-upgrad 

讯享网sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev # 安装编译geant4的依赖。 

 conda create -c conda-forge --name <my-environment> geant4 # 这里<my-environment>可以写"geant4" conda activate <my-environment> cd ~/.conda/envs/<my-environment>/share/Geant4-10.7.2/examples/basic/B1/ 

效果如下图所示：

讯享网

Geant4的使用

主要是遇到了关于QT的问题，有很多：

编译时错误

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libSM.so: undefined reference to `uuid_generate@UUID_1.0’

尝试运行下面命令以解决，

讯享网conda install -c conda-forge xorg-libsm 

或者，最简单的方法：

1. 删除掉Anaconda自带的过期库文件
2. 用系统的库文件替换之

export condapath=`whereis anaconda3` # ${condapath:10} 表示安装anaconda3的位置 sudo mv ${condapath:10}/lib/libuuid.so.1 ${condapath:10}/lib/back_libuuid.so.1 sudo ln -s /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libuuid.so.1 ${condapath:10}/lib/libuuid.so.1 

/usr/bin/ld: /home/wsl2/Application/geant4-v11.0.0/lib/libG4tasking.so: undefined reference to `PTL::TaskRunManager::Initialize(unsigned long)’

该问题互联网上暂时无解。。。。
如果有大佬能解决该问题，还请不吝赐教23333
重装WSL即可解决

运行时错误

01 error while loading shared libraries: libQt5Core.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决方案：

讯享网sudo strip --remove-section=.note.ABI-tag /usr/lib64/libQt5Core.so.5 # 或者 sudo strip --remove-section=.note.ABI-tag /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libQt5Core.so.5 

参考：
https://askubuntu.com/questions//ubuntu-18-4-libqt5core-so-5-cannot-open-shared-object-file-no-such-file-or-dir
https://github.com/dnschneid/crouton/wiki/Fix-error-while-loading-shared-libraries:-libQt5Core.so.5

02 QXcbConnection: XCB error: 170 (Unknown), sequence: 170, resource id: 90, major code: 146 (Unknown), minor code: 20 Segmentation fault (core dumped)

可以通过键入如下命令修复：

export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=0 

参考：
https://answers.ros.org/question//qxcb-connection-xcb-error-170/
LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT 指令是用来干什么的？

03 QStandardPaths: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set

可以通过键入如下命令修复

讯享网export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/some/directory/you/specify 

其实就是将这个XDG_RUNTIME_DIR设置为某个你拥有权限的目录。任何你拥有权限的目录都行。
参考：
https://dev.to/winebaths/getting-up-and-running-with-the-windows-subsystem-for-linux-8oc

04 Errors linking blit shader:
Could not create shader of type 2.
Warning: “” failed to compile!

重装Geant4可以解决，没找到别的办法…

05 No protocol specified
qt.qpa.xcb: could not connect to display 你主机的ip.1:0.0

这是因为WSL2在开启x服务器时要求勾选上 No Access Control

注意，WSL2和WSL1可以直接使用localhost不一样，WSL2的display应当使用主机的IP，可以通过如下命令获得：

cat /etc/resolv.conf |grep "nameserver" |cut -f 2 -d " " # 查看主机ip host_ip=$(cat /etc/resolv.conf |grep "nameserver" |cut -f 2 -d " ") export DISPLAY=$host_ip:0.0