virsh命令详解

大家好，我是讯享网，很高兴认识大家。

virsh 命令：

list [--all]：列出虚拟机
nodeinfo: 查看真机信息
nodeinfo: 得到电脑详细配置名字
nodecpustats: 真机cpu 的状态
nodemenstats: 真机内存的详细信息
node-memory-tune: 允许你设置node的内存参数
capablilities: 打印虚拟机的特点
freecell: 打印出虚拟I机中可用的内存

命令演示：

[root@desktop ~]# virsh list # 列出所有运行的虚拟机 Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 1 proxy running 4 web1 running 5 web2 running 13 cache running [root@desktop ~]# virsh list --all # 列出所有虚拟机 Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 1 proxy running 4 web1 running 5 web2 running 13 cache running - client shut off - db1 shut off - db2 shut off - dns shut off [root@desktop vm]# virsh hostname # 列出真机主机名 desktop [root@desktop vm]# virsh sysinfo # 列出真机的详细信息 <sysinfo type='smbios'> <bios> <entry name='vendor'>HP</entry> <entry name='version'>Q50 Ver. 01.06.04</entry> <entry name='date'>02/07/2020</entry> <entry name='release'>6.4</entry> </bios> ... </memory_device> </sysinfo> [root@desktop vm]# virsh nodecpustats # 得到真机cpu状态 user: 0000 system: 0000 idle: 000000 iowait: 000 [root@desktop vm]# virsh nodememstats # 得到真机内存状态 total :  KiB free :  KiB buffers: 136 KiB cached :  KiB [root@desktop vm]# virsh node-memory-tune # 允许你设置的node内存参数 Shared memory: shm_pages_to_scan 1250 shm_sleep_millisecs 21 shm_pages_shared 28710 shm_pages_sharing  shm_pages_unshared  shm_pages_volatile 1451 shm_full_scans 92316 shm_merge_across_nodes 1 [root@desktop vm]# virsh capabilities # 打印虚拟机的特点 <capabilities> <host> <uuid>39f13a7f-d328-0fb6-3508-5f1fea3d5774</uuid> <cpu> <arch>x86_64</arch> <model>Skylake-Client-IBRS</model> <vendor>Intel</vendor> ... </capabilities> [root@desktop vm]# virsh freecell # 打印虚拟机中可用内存 Total:  KiB

讯享网

virsh DOMAIN命令:

start|shutdown|reboot <vm-name>: 虚拟机启动、停止、重启
destroy <vm-name>: 强制停止虚拟机
define <vm-name>.xml: 根据xml文件创建
undefine <vm-name>: 根据虚拟机名称删除虚拟机
console <vm-name>: 连接虚拟机的console
edit <vm-name> : 修改虚拟机配置
autostart <vm-name>: 设置虚拟机自启动
domiflist <vm-name>: 查看虚拟机网卡信息
domblklist <vm-name>: 查看虚拟机硬盘信息
dominfo <vm-name>: 列出指定虚拟机的信息
suspend <vm-name>: 挂起指定虚拟机
resume <vm-name>：恢复挂起的虚拟机

讯享网[root@desktop ~]# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 1 proxy running 4 web1 running 5 web2 running 16 cache running 18 dns running - client shut off - db1 shut off - db2 shut off [root@desktop ~]# virsh shutdown dns # 关闭虚拟机dns Domain dns is being shutdown [root@desktop ~]# virsh start dns # 启动虚拟机dns Domain dns started [root@desktop vm]# virsh dumpxml dns > dns.xml # 导出dns虚拟机的配置文件 [root@desktop vm]# ls dns.xml [root@desktop vm]# virsh undefine dns # 删除dns虚拟机 Domain dns has been undefined [root@desktop vm]# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 1 proxy running 4 web1 running 5 web2 running 16 cache running - client shut off - db1 shut off - db2 shut off [root@desktop vm]# virsh define dns.xml # 从xml配置文件生成一个虚拟机 Domain dns defined from dns.xml [root@desktop vm]# virsh list --all Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 1 proxy running 4 web1 running 5 web2 running 16 cache running - client shut off - db1 shut off - db2 shut off - dns shut off [root@desktop vm]# virsh start dns Domain dns started [root@desktop vm]# virsh reboot dns # 重启虚拟机dns Domain dns is being rebooted [root@desktop vm]# virsh autostart dns # 设置虚拟机dns开机自启 Domain dns marked as autostarted [root@desktop vm]# virsh autostart --disable dns # 取消虚拟机dns开机自启 Domain dns unmarked as autostarted [root@desktop vm]# virsh domiflist dns # 显示虚拟机网卡接口 Interface Type Source Model MAC ------------------------------------------------------- [root@desktop vm]# virsh domblklist dns # 显示虚拟机磁盘文件 Target Source ------------------------------------------------ vda /opt/vm/dns.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh dominfo dns # 显示虚拟机的信息 Id: 20 Name: dns UUID: b8024ffe-9c00-4570-a802-72a94e6576ca OS Type: hvm State: running CPU(s): 1 CPU time: 22.1s Max memory:  KiB Used memory:  KiB Persistent: yes Autostart: disable Managed save: no Security model: selinux Security DOI: 0 Security label: system_u:system_r:svirt_t:s0:c502,c596 (enforcing) [root@desktop vm]# virsh suspend dns # 挂起虚拟机 Domain dns suspended [root@desktop vm]# virsh list Id Name State ---------------------------------------------------- 1 proxy running 4 web1 running 5 web2 running 16 cache running 20 dns paused [root@desktop vm]# virsh resume dns # 继续运行挂起的虚拟机 Domain dns resumed [root@desktop vm]# virsh desc dns # 显示虚拟机的描述信息 No description for domain: dns

domjobabort <vm-name>: 获取虚拟机的当前任务
dojobinfo <vm-name>: 显示虚拟机的任务
domstat <vm-name> : 显示虚拟机的状态
domcontrol<vm-name>: 返回虚拟机的状态ok or error
dumpxml<vm-name>: 直接显示demo的xml文件配置
edit <vm-name>: 编辑主机的配置文件
cpu-stats <vm-name>: 虚拟机的cpu状态

[root@desktop vm]# virsh domjobabort dns error: Requested operation is not valid: no job is active on the domain [root@desktop vm]# virsh domjobinfo dns Job type: None [root@desktop vm]# virsh domstats dns Domain: 'dns' state.state=1 state.reason=5 cpu.time= cpu.user= cpu.system= balloon.current= balloon.maximum= balloon.swap_in=0 balloon.swap_out=0 balloon.major_fault=189 balloon.minor_fault= balloon.unused= balloon.available= balloon.last-update= balloon.rss= vcpu.current=1 vcpu.maximum=1 vcpu.0.state=1 vcpu.0.time= vcpu.0.wait=0 net.count=0 block.count=1 block.0.name=vda block.0.path=/opt/vm/dns.qcow2 block.0.rd.reqs=10188 block.0.rd.bytes= block.0.rd.times= block.0.wr.reqs=237 block.0.wr.bytes= block.0.wr.times= block.0.fl.reqs=68 block.0.fl.times= block.0.allocation= block.0.capacity= block.0.physical= [root@desktop vm]# virsh domcontrol dns ok [root@desktop vm]# virsh cpu-stats dns CPU0: cpu_time 1. seconds vcpu_time 0. seconds CPU1: cpu_time 2. seconds vcpu_time 0. seconds CPU2: cpu_time 6. seconds vcpu_time 5. seconds CPU3: cpu_time 3. seconds vcpu_time 2. seconds CPU4: cpu_time 2. seconds vcpu_time 1. seconds CPU5: cpu_time 4. seconds vcpu_time 3.0 seconds CPU6: cpu_time 1. seconds vcpu_time 0. seconds CPU7: cpu_time 10. seconds vcpu_time 9. seconds Total: cpu_time 34. seconds user_time 0. seconds system_time 4. seconds

screenshot <vm-name>: 虚拟机截屏
setmen <vm-name> size: 设置虚拟机的内存
setmaxmen <vm-name> 设置虚拟机的最大内存
memtune <vm-name> 得到虚拟机分区的信息
blkiotune <vm-name> 得到虚拟机的磁盘信息
setvcpus（<vm-name> count）设置虚拟机的虚拟cpu个数
dompmwakeup(<vm-name>) 唤醒挂起的vm-name
ttyconsole <vm-name> 输出设备用的终端
vcpucount <vm-name> 得到cpu个数
vcpuinfo<vm-name> 得到cpu的信息
vncdisplay<vm-name> 显示虚拟机vnc连接信息

讯享网[root@desktop ~]# virsh memtune dns # 得到虚拟机分区的信息 hard_limit : unlimited soft_limit : unlimited swap_hard_limit: unlimited [root@desktop ~]# virsh blkiotune dns # 得到虚拟机的磁盘信息 weight : 500 device_weight : device_read_iops_sec: device_write_iops_sec: device_read_bytes_sec: device_write_bytes_sec: [root@desktop ~]# virsh ttyconsole dns # 输出设备用的终端 /dev/pts/13 [root@desktop ~]# virsh vcpucount dns # 获取虚拟机cpu数目 maximum config 1 maximum live 1 current config 1 current live 1 [root@desktop ~]# virsh vcpuinfo dns # Huoqu虚拟机CPU信息 VCPU: 0 CPU: 1 State: running CPU time: 27.0s CPU Affinity: yyyyyyyy [root@desktop ~]# virsh vncdisplay dns #  显示虚拟机vnc连接信息 :4 [root@desktop ~]# virsh dumpxml proxy | grep mac # 宿主机上获取虚拟机proxy的IP地址 <partition>/machine</partition> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-rhel7.0.0'>hvm</type> <mac address='52:54:00:47:14:ea'/> <mac address='52:54:00:85:73:e9'/> [root@desktop ~]# [root@desktop ~]# [root@desktop ~]# arp -a | grep '52:54:00:47:14:ea' ? (192.168.3.3) at 52:54:00:47:14:ea [ether] on br5

virsh 虚拟网络管理：

net-autostart <networkname> 自动启动网卡（default）
net-define <file> 把配置加载到文件
net-destory <networkname> 关闭网卡
net-dumpxml <networkname> 把网卡配置加载到文件
net-edit <networkname> 编辑网卡信息
net-info <networkname> 网卡信息
net-list 显示网卡
net-uuid <networkname> 得到网卡的id
net-name <id> 得到网卡的名字
net-start <networkname> 开启网卡

[root@desktop vm]# virsh net-list --all # 显示所有虚拟网络 Name State Autostart Persistent ---------------------------------------------------------- default active yes yes lab active yes yes office active yes yes [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-define lab2.xml # 从配置文件生成一个虚拟网络 Network lab2 defined from lab2.xml [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-list --all Name State Autostart Persistent ---------------------------------------------------------- default active yes yes lab active yes yes lab2 inactive no yes office active yes yes [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-dumpxml lab > lab.xml # 把虚拟网络配置保存到文件 [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-info lab Name: lab UUID: ed7ac3a2-da2b-4511-bdcc-e385d029dbd9 Active: yes Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Bridge: virbr2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-uuid lab # 得到虚拟的uuid ed7ac3a2-da2b-4511-bdcc-e385d029dbd9 [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-start lab2 # 启动虚拟网络 Network lab2 started [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-list --all Name State Autostart Persistent ---------------------------------------------------------- default active yes yes lab active yes yes lab2 active no yes office active yes yes [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-destroy lab2 ￥ 停止指定的虚拟网络 Network lab2 destroyed [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-list --all Name State Autostart Persistent ---------------------------------------------------------- default active yes yes lab active yes yes lab2 inactive no yes office active yes yes [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-undefine lab2 # 删除指定的虚拟网络 Network lab2 has been undefined [root@desktop vm]# virsh net-list --all Name State Autostart Persistent ---------------------------------------------------------- default active yes yes lab active yes yes office active yes yes

设备命令：

attach-device (<vm-name> file) 使用XML文件中设备定义在虚拟机中添加设备
attach-disk (<vm-name> ) 添加磁盘文件
attach-interface (<vm-name> type source ) 添加一个接口
update-device (<vm-name> file) 更新设备根据file

[root@desktop vm]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 test1.qcow2 1g # 创建一个1G磁盘的磁盘文件 Formatting 'test1.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size= encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off [root@desktop vm]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 test2.qcow2 1g # # 创建一个1G磁盘的磁盘文件 Formatting 'test2.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size= encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off [root@desktop vm]# ls dns.xml installdisk.xml lab2.xml lab.xml test1.qcow2 test2.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# cat installdisk.xml # 编辑一个xml文件 <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/> <source file='/root/vm/test1.qcow2'/> <target dev='vdb'/> </disk> [root@desktop ~]# virsh domblklist dns # 查看虚拟机的磁盘文件 Target Source ------------------------------------------------ vda /opt/vm/dns.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh attach-device --domain dns installdisk.xml # 使用XML文件中的设备定义在虚拟机中添加设备 Device attached successfully [root@desktop vm]# virsh domblklist dns Target Source ------------------------------------------------ vda /opt/vm/dns.qcow2 vdb /root/vm/test1.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh attach-disk --domain dns --source /root/vm/test2.qcow2 --target vdc --subdriver qcow2 --config --live # 虚拟机添加磁盘文件 Disk attached successfully [root@desktop vm]# virsh domblklist dns Target Source ------------------------------------------------ vda /opt/vm/dns.qcow2 vdb /root/vm/test1.qcow2 vdc /root/vm/test2.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh detach-disk dns vdc # 从虚拟机删除磁盘 Disk detached successfully [root@desktop vm]# virsh detach-disk dns vdb Disk detached successfully [root@desktop vm]# virsh domblklist dns Target Source ------------------------------------------------ vda /opt/vm/dns.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh domiflist dns Interface Type Source Model MAC ------------------------------------------------------- [root@desktop vm]# virsh attach-interface dns --type network --source default --model virtio # 添加网卡，连接虚拟网络 Interface attached successfully [root@desktop vm]# virsh domiflist dns Interface Type Source Model MAC ------------------------------------------------------- vnet5 network default virtio 52:54:00:4d:69:d7

接口命令：

iface-define（file）从文件里面定义一个接口
iface-dumpxml （lo）显示接口的信息
iface-edit（lo）编辑接口
iface-list 列出所有的接口
iface-name （mac）根据mac得到名字
iface-mac (lo) 根据名字得到mac
iface-start （lo）开启接口
iface-unbriged 解绑定网桥
iface-undefine（lo）不定义配置文件
iface-begin（lo）创建一个现有的接口设置
iface-commit 提交所有的改变有效，并且让接口工作
iface-rollbak 接口回滚

[root@desktop vm]# virsh iface-list --all # 列出所有网卡 Name State MAC Address --------------------------------------------------- br5 active 00:0e:c6:82:4c:a0 eno1 active 84:a9:3e:82:23:37 enp1s0f0 inactive 6c:b3:11:40:f1:46 enp1s0f1 inactive 6c:b3:11:40:f1:47 lo active 00:00:00:00:00:00 [root@desktop vm]# virsh iface-dumpxml eno1 # 输出指定网卡信息 <interface type='ethernet' name='eno1'> <protocol family='ipv4'> <ip address='192.168.50.228' prefix='24'/> </protocol> <protocol family='ipv6'> <ip address='fe80::5669:5b18:2f36:2137' prefix='64'/> </protocol> <link speed='1000' state='up'/> <mac address='84:a9:3e:82:23:37'/> </interface> [root@desktop vm]# virsh iface-mac eno1 # 根据网卡名获取MAC地址 84:a9:3e:82:23:37 [root@desktop vm]# virsh iface-name 84:a9:3e:82:23:37 # 根据MAC地址获取网卡名 eno1

存储池命令：

pool-auto （pool）标记池自动启动
pool-build（pool）建造一个池
pool-create（file）根据文件创建池
pool-define（file）定义但是不开启
pool-destory（pool）销毁池，以后能恢复
pool-delete（pool）删除池，以后不能恢复
pool-dumpxml（pool）查看池的定义文件
pool-edit（pool）编辑池的定义文件
pool-info 池的信息
pool-list 显示池列表
pool-name（id）根据id得到name
pool-start（poop）开启池
pool-uuid （pool）返回一个池的uuid

[root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-list --all # 列出所有池 Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- bl02u2_test active yes default active yes Downloads active yes images active yes images-1 active yes opt active yes root active yes vm active yes [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-info vm # 列出池vm的信息 Name: vm UUID: 6820e7d5-3210-496e-8573-5a19907b034e State: running Persistent: yes Autostart: yes Capacity: 325.81 GiB Allocation: 90.34 GiB Available: 235.46 GiB [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-uuid vm # 获取池vm的uuid 6820e7d5-3210-496e-8573-5a19907b034e [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-dumpxml vm # 查看池的定义文件 <pool type='dir'> <name>vm</name> <uuid>6820e7d5-3210-496e-8573-5a19907b034e</uuid> <capacity unit='bytes'>0</capacity> <allocation unit='bytes'></allocation> <available unit='bytes'>0</available> <source> </source> <target> <path>/opt/vm</path> <permissions> <mode>0755</mode> <owner>0</owner> <group>0</group> <label>unconfined_u:object_r:usr_t:s0</label> </permissions> </target> </pool> [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-dumpxml images-1 > images-1.xml # 将池信息保存到xml文件中 [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-destroy images-1 # 停止一个池 Pool images-1 destroyed [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-list --all Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- bl02u2_test active yes default active yes Downloads active yes images active yes images-1 inactive yes opt active yes root active yes vm active yes [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-delete images-1 # 删除一个池 Pool images-1 deleted [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-define images-1.xml # 从定义文件生成一个池 Pool images-1 defined from images-1.xml [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-start images-1 # 启动一个池 Pool images-1 started [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-list Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- bl02u2_test active yes default active yes Downloads active yes images active yes images-1 active no opt active yes root active yes vm active yes [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-autostart images-1 # 标记指定池自动启动 Pool images-1 marked as autostarted [root@desktop vm]# virsh pool-list Name State Autostart ------------------------------------------- bl02u2_test active yes default active yes Downloads active yes images active yes images-1 active yes opt active yes root active yes vm active yes

卷命令：

vol-delete（pool）卷的删除
vol-upload（pool）卷的加载
vol-list（pool）列出卷
vol-info（default）卷的信息
vol-name（path）得到卷的名字

[root@desktop vm]# virsh vol-list vm # 查看指定池中的卷 Name Path ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ @1@p /opt/vm/@1@p cache.qcow2 /opt/vm/cache.qcow2 centos2.raw /opt/vm/centos2.raw client.qcow2 /opt/vm/client.qcow2 db1.qcow2 /opt/vm/db1.qcow2 db2.qcow2 /opt/vm/db2.qcow2 disk1.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk1.qcow2 disk2.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk2.qcow2 disk3.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk3.qcow2 disk4.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk4.qcow2 disk5.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk5.qcow2 disk6.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk6.qcow2 disk7.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk7.qcow2 disk8.qcow2 /opt/vm/disk8.qcow2 dns.qcow2 /opt/vm/dns.qcow2 dsik9.qcow2 /opt/vm/dsik9.qcow2 nfs.qcow2 /opt/vm/nfs.qcow2 proxy.qcow2 /opt/vm/proxy.qcow2 Server.qcow2 /opt/vm/Server.qcow2 test1.qcow2 /opt/vm/test1.qcow2 test2.qcow2 /opt/vm/test2.qcow2 upload.txt /opt/vm/upload.txt web01.qcow2 /opt/vm/web01.qcow2 web02.qcow2 /opt/vm/web02.qcow2 web03.qcow2 /opt/vm/web03.qcow2 web04.qcow2 /opt/vm/web04.qcow2 web1.qcow2 /opt/vm/web1.qcow2 web2.qcow2 /opt/vm/web2.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh vol-info test1.qcow2 vm # 查看存储池vm中的卷test1.qcow的信息 Name: test1.qcow2 Type: file Capacity: 1.00 GiB Allocation: 196.00 KiB [root@desktop vm]# virsh vol-clone test1.qcow2 test1back.qcow2 vm # 在存储池中克隆卷test1.qcow2为卷test1back.qcow2 Vol test1back.qcow2 cloned from test1.qcow2 [root@desktop vm]# virsh vol-delete test1back.qcow2 vm # 删除存储池中卷test1back.qcow2 Vol test1back.qcow2 deleted [root@desktop vm]# virsh vol-dumpxml test1.qcow2 vm > test1.xml # 保存存储池中存储卷test1.qcow2的配置到test1.xml [root@desktop vm]# virsh vol-delete test1.qcow2 vm Vol test1.qcow2 deleted [root@desktop vm]# virsh vol-create vm test1.xml # 用配置文件test1.xml在存储池中生成一个卷 Vol test1.qcow2 created from test1.xml

快照管理：

snapshot-create 使用 XML 生成快照
snapshot-create-as 使用一组参数生成快照
snapshot-current 获取或者设定当前快照
snapshot-delete 删除域快照
snapshot-dumpxml 为域快照转储 XML
snapshot-edit 编辑快照 XML
snapshot-info 快照信息
snapshot-list 为域列出快照
snapshot-parent 获取快照的上级快照名称
snapshot-revert 从快照恢复

[root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-list dns # 列出虚拟机dns的快照 Name Creation Time State ------------------------------------------------------------ [root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-create-as --name dns-v1 --domain dns # 为虚拟机生成快照dns-v1 Domain snapshot dns-v1 created [root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-list dns Name Creation Time State ------------------------------------------------------------ dns-v1 2022-03-16 09:52:22 +0800 running [root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-revert --domain dns --snapshotname dns-v1 # 从快照恢复 [root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-current --domain dns # 获取当前快照 <domainsnapshot> <name>dns-v1</name> <state>running</state> <creationTime></creationTime> <memory snapshot='internal'/> <disks> <disk name='vda' snapshot='internal'/> </disks> ... </domainsnapshot> [root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-info --domain dns --snapshotname dns-v1 # 输出指定的快照信息 Name: dns-v1 Domain: dns Current: yes State: running Location: internal Parent: - Children: 0 Descendants: 0 Metadata: yes [root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-delete --domain dns --snapshotname dns-v1 # 删除快照 Domain snapshot dns-v1 deleted [root@desktop ~]# virsh snapshot-list dns Name Creation Time State ------------------------------------------------------------

virsh 命令：

virsh DOMAIN命令:

virsh 虚拟网络管理：

设备命令：

接口命令：

存储池命令：

卷命令：

快照管理：

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