Python3.5版GUI官方文档：https://docs.python.org/3.5/library/tk.html

上一篇介绍的GUI界面有以下两个较大的缺点：

1、界面比较丑陋，控件种类有限。

2、界面布局逻辑性差。

针对以上两个缺点，引入Tkinter 中的ttk组件。

需要说明的，ttk的很多组件同Tkinter都是相同的，在这种情况下，ttk将覆盖Tkinter的组件，将采用ttk的特性。--原文如下

And then severalttk widgets (Button, Checkbutton, Entry, Frame, Label, LabelFrame, Menubutton,PanedWindow, Radiobutton, Scale and Scrollbar) will automatically substitutefor the Tk widgets.

使用ttk以后的组件，同windows操作系统（这里是win7系统）的外观的一致性更高，看起来也会舒服很多。

需要注意的是：

讯享网

三个主页面的截图如下：

各种类型的对话框形式如下：

程序源代码如下：

#====================== # imports #====================== import tkinter as tk from tkinter import ttk from tkinter import scrolledtext from tkinter import Menu from tkinter import Spinbox from tkinter import messagebox as mBox #由于tkinter中没有ToolTip功能，所以自定义这个功能如下 class ToolTip(object): def __init__(self, widget): self.widget = widget self.tipwindow = None self.id = None self.x = self.y = 0 def showtip(self, text): "Display text in tooltip window" self.text = text if self.tipwindow or not self.text: return x, y, _cx, cy = self.widget.bbox("insert") x = x + self.widget.winfo_rootx() + 27 y = y + cy + self.widget.winfo_rooty() +27 self.tipwindow = tw = tk.Toplevel(self.widget) tw.wm_overrideredirect(1) tw.wm_geometry("+%d+%d" % (x, y)) label = tk.Label(tw, text=self.text, justify=tk.LEFT, background="#ffffe0", relief=tk.SOLID, borderwidth=1, font=("tahoma", "8", "normal")) label.pack(ipadx=1) def hidetip(self): tw = self.tipwindow self.tipwindow = None if tw: tw.destroy() #=================================================================== def createToolTip( widget, text): toolTip = ToolTip(widget) def enter(event): toolTip.showtip(text) def leave(event): toolTip.hidetip() widget.bind('<Enter>', enter) widget.bind('<Leave>', leave) # Create instance win = tk.Tk() # Add a title win.title("Python 图形用户界面") # Disable resizing the GUI win.resizable(0,0) # Tab Control introduced here -------------------------------------- tabControl = ttk.Notebook(win) # Create Tab Control tab1 = ttk.Frame(tabControl) # Create a tab tabControl.add(tab1, text='第一页') # Add the tab tab2 = ttk.Frame(tabControl) # Add a second tab tabControl.add(tab2, text='第二页') # Make second tab visible tab3 = ttk.Frame(tabControl) # Add a third tab tabControl.add(tab3, text='第三页') # Make second tab visible tabControl.pack(expand=1, fill="both") # Pack to make visible # ~ Tab Control introduced here ----------------------------------------- #---------------Tab1控件介绍------------------# # We are creating a container tab3 to hold all other widgets monty = ttk.LabelFrame(tab1, text='控件示范区1') monty.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=8, pady=4) # Modified Button Click Function def clickMe(): action.configure(text='Hello\n ' + name.get()) action.configure(state='disabled') # Disable the Button Widget # Changing our Label ttk.Label(monty, text="输入文字:").grid(column=0, row=0, sticky='W') # Adding a Textbox Entry widget name = tk.StringVar() nameEntered = ttk.Entry(monty, width=12, textvariable=name) nameEntered.grid(column=0, row=1, sticky='W') # Adding a Button action = ttk.Button(monty,text="点击之后\n按钮失效",width=10,command=clickMe) action.grid(column=2,row=1,rowspan=2,ipady=7) ttk.Label(monty, text="请选择一本书:").grid(column=1, row=0,sticky='W') # Adding a Combobox book = tk.StringVar() bookChosen = ttk.Combobox(monty, width=12, textvariable=book) bookChosen['values'] = ('平凡的世界', '亲爱的安德烈','看见','白夜行') bookChosen.grid(column=1, row=1) bookChosen.current(0) #设置初始显示值，值为元组['values']的下标 bookChosen.config(state='readonly') #设为只读模式 # Spinbox callback def _spin(): value = spin.get() #print(value) scr.insert(tk.INSERT, value + '\n') def _spin2(): value = spin2.get() #print(value) scr.insert(tk.INSERT, value + '\n') # Adding 2 Spinbox widget using a set of values spin = Spinbox(monty, from_=10,to=25, width=5, bd=8, command=_spin) spin.grid(column=0, row=2) spin2 = Spinbox(monty, values=('Python3入门', 'C语言','C++', 'Java', 'OpenCV'), width=13, bd=3, command=_spin2) spin2.grid(column=1, row=2,sticky='W') # Using a scrolled Text control scrolW = 30; scrolH = 5 scr = scrolledtext.ScrolledText(monty, width=scrolW, height=scrolH, wrap=tk.WORD) scr.grid(column=0, row=3, sticky='WE', columnspan=3) # Add Tooltip createToolTip(spin, '这是一个Spinbox.') createToolTip(spin2, '这是一个Spinbox.') createToolTip(action, '这是一个Button.') createToolTip(nameEntered,'这是一个Entry.') createToolTip(bookChosen, '这是一个Combobox.') createToolTip(scr, '这是一个ScrolledText.') # 一次性控制各控件之间的距离 for child in monty.winfo_children(): child.grid_configure(padx=3,pady=1) # 单独控制个别控件之间的距离 action.grid(column=2,row=1,rowspan=2,padx=6) #---------------Tab1控件介绍------------------# #---------------Tab2控件介绍------------------# # We are creating a container tab3 to hold all other widgets -- Tab2 monty2 = ttk.LabelFrame(tab2, text='控件示范区2') monty2.grid(column=0, row=0, padx=8, pady=4) # Creating three checkbuttons chVarDis = tk.IntVar() check1 = tk.Checkbutton(monty2, text="失效选项", variable=chVarDis, state='disabled') check1.select() check1.grid(column=0, row=0, sticky=tk.W) chVarUn = tk.IntVar() check2 = tk.Checkbutton(monty2, text="遵从内心", variable=chVarUn) check2.deselect() #Clears (turns off) the checkbutton. check2.grid(column=1, row=0, sticky=tk.W ) chVarEn = tk.IntVar() check3 = tk.Checkbutton(monty2, text="屈于现实", variable=chVarEn) check3.deselect() check3.grid(column=2, row=0, sticky=tk.W) # GUI Callback function def checkCallback(*ignoredArgs): # only enable one checkbutton if chVarUn.get(): check3.configure(state='disabled') else: check3.configure(state='normal') if chVarEn.get(): check2.configure(state='disabled') else: check2.configure(state='normal') # trace the state of the two checkbuttons #？？ chVarUn.trace('w', lambda unused0, unused1, unused2 : checkCallback()) chVarEn.trace('w', lambda unused0, unused1, unused2 : checkCallback()) # Radiobutton list values = ["富强民主", "文明和谐", "自由平等","公正法治","爱国敬业","诚信友善"] # Radiobutton callback function def radCall(): radSel=radVar.get() if radSel == 0: monty2.configure(text='富强民主') elif radSel == 1: monty2.configure(text='文明和谐') elif radSel == 2: monty2.configure(text='自由平等') elif radSel == 3: monty2.configure(text='公正法治') elif radSel == 4: monty2.configure(text='爱国敬业') elif radSel == 5: monty2.configure(text='诚信友善') # create three Radiobuttons using one variable radVar = tk.IntVar() # Selecting a non-existing index value for radVar radVar.set(99) # Creating all three Radiobutton widgets within one loop for col in range(4): #curRad = 'rad' + str(col) curRad = tk.Radiobutton(monty2, text=values[col], variable=radVar, value=col, command=radCall) curRad.grid(column=col, row=6, sticky=tk.W, columnspan=3) for col in range(4,6): #curRad = 'rad' + str(col) curRad = tk.Radiobutton(monty2, text=values[col], variable=radVar, value=col, command=radCall) curRad.grid(column=col-4, row=7, sticky=tk.W, columnspan=3) style = ttk.Style() style.configure("BW.TLabel", font=("Times", "10",'bold')) ttk.Label(monty2, text=" 社会主义核心价值观",style="BW.TLabel").grid(column=2, row=7,columnspan=2, sticky=tk.EW) # Create a container to hold labels labelsFrame = ttk.LabelFrame(monty2, text=' 嵌套区域 ') labelsFrame.grid(column=0, row=8,columnspan=4) # Place labels into the container element - vertically ttk.Label(labelsFrame, text="你才25岁，你可以成为任何你想成为的人。").grid(column=0, row=0) ttk.Label(labelsFrame, text="不要在乎一城一池的得失，要执着。").grid(column=0, row=1,sticky=tk.W) # Add some space around each label for child in labelsFrame.winfo_children(): child.grid_configure(padx=8,pady=4) #---------------Tab2控件介绍------------------# #---------------Tab3控件介绍------------------# tab3 = tk.Frame(tab3, bg='#AFEEEE') tab3.pack() for i in range(2): canvas = 'canvas' + str(col) canvas = tk.Canvas(tab3, width=162, height=95, highlightthickness=0, bg='#FFFF00') canvas.grid(row=i, column=i) #---------------Tab3控件介绍------------------# #----------------菜单栏介绍-------------------# # Exit GUI cleanly def _quit(): win.quit() win.destroy() exit() # Creating a Menu Bar menuBar = Menu(win) win.config(menu=menuBar) # Add menu items fileMenu = Menu(menuBar, tearoff=0) fileMenu.add_command(label="新建") fileMenu.add_separator() fileMenu.add_command(label="退出", command=_quit) menuBar.add_cascade(label="文件", menu=fileMenu) # Display a Message Box def _msgBox1(): mBox.showinfo('Python Message Info Box', '通知：程序运行正常！') def _msgBox2(): mBox.showwarning('Python Message Warning Box', '警告：程序出现错误，请检查！') def _msgBox3(): mBox.showwarning('Python Message Error Box', '错误：程序出现严重错误，请退出！') def _msgBox4(): answer = mBox.askyesno("Python Message Dual Choice Box", "你喜欢这篇文章吗？\n您的选择是：") if answer == True: mBox.showinfo('显示选择结果', '您选择了“是”，谢谢参与！') else: mBox.showinfo('显示选择结果', '您选择了“否”，谢谢参与！') # Add another Menu to the Menu Bar and an item msgMenu = Menu(menuBar, tearoff=0) msgMenu.add_command(label="通知 Box", command=_msgBox1) msgMenu.add_command(label="警告 Box", command=_msgBox2) msgMenu.add_command(label="错误 Box", command=_msgBox3) msgMenu.add_separator() msgMenu.add_command(label="判断对话框", command=_msgBox4) menuBar.add_cascade(label="消息框", menu=msgMenu) #----------------菜单栏介绍-------------------# # Change the main windows icon win.iconbitmap(r'C:\Users\feng\Desktop\研.ico') # Place cursor into name Entry nameEntered.focus() #====================== # Start GUI #====================== win.mainloop()