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1.NLTK的pos_tag含义

CC     coordinatingconjunction 并列连词 ：and, or, but, if

CD     cardinaldigit  纯数  基数 

DT     determiner  限定词（置于名词前起限定作用，如 the、some、my 等） ：

EX     existentialthere (like:"there is"... think of it like "thereexists")   存在句；存现句 ：there

FW     foreignword  外来语；外来词；外文原词 

IN     preposition/subordinating conjunction介词/从属连词；主从连词；从属连接词 ：in, on, under

JJ     adjective    'big'  形容词 

JJR    adjective, comparative 'bigger' （形容词或副词的）比较级形式 

JJS    adjective, superlative 'biggest'  （形容词或副词的）最高级 

LS     listmarker  1) ：A B C A. B. C.

MD     modal (could, will) 形态的，形式的 , 语气的；情态的 ：can, could

NN     noun, singular 'desk' 名词单数形式 

NNS    nounplural  'desks'  名词复数形式 

NNP    propernoun, singular     'Harrison' 专有名词 

NNPS  proper noun, plural 'Americans'  专有名词复数形式 

PDT    predeterminer      'all the kids'  前位限定词 ：all, both, half, many

POS    possessiveending  parent's   属有词  结束语 ：'s

PRP    personalpronoun   人称代词  : I, he, she 

PRP$  possessive pronoun   物主代词 ：my, his, hers

RB     adverb  副词  ：very, silently,

RBR    adverb,comparative better   （形容词或副词的）比较级形式 

RBS    adverb,superlative best    （形容词或副词的）最高级 

RP     particle     虚词 : aboard about across along apart

TO     to    go 'to' the store. 

UH     interjection errrrrrrrm  感叹词；感叹语 ：Goodbye Goody Gosh Wow

VB     verb, baseform    take   动词 

VBD    verb, pasttense   took   动词   过去时；过去式  : +ed

VBG    verb,gerund/present participle taking 动词  动名词/现在分词  : +ing

VBN    verb, pastparticiple     taken 动词  过去分词 ：+en

VBP    verb,sing. present, non-3d     take 动词  现在 ：原形

VBZ    verb, 3rdperson sing. present  takes   动词  第三人称 ：+s

WDT    wh-determiner      which 限定词（置于名词前起限定作用，如 the,some,my 等）：who, which, when, what, where, how

WP     wh-pronoun   who, what 代词（代替名词或名词词组的单词） ：who, what, whatever

WP$    possessivewh-pronoun     whose  所有格；属有词 ：whose

WRB    wh-abverb    where, when 副词 

 

2.依存分析标签 ClearNLP Dependency Labels

ClearNLP Dependency Labels

Current Labels

Label	Description	Since
ACL	Clausal modifier of noun	3.1.0
ACOMP	Adjectival complement	1.0.0
ADVCL	Adverbial clause modifier	1.0.0
ADVMOD	Adverbial modifier	1.0.0
AGENT	Agent	1.0.0
AMOD	Adjectival modifier	1.0.0
APPOS	Appositional modifier	1.0.0
ATTR	Attribute	1.0.0
AUX	Auxiliary	1.0.0
AUXPASS	Auxiliary (passive)	1.0.0
CASE	Case marker	3.1.0
CC	Coordinating conjunction	1.0.0
CCOMP	Clausal complement	1.0.0
COMPOUND	Compound modifier	3.1.0
CONJ	Conjunct	1.0.0
CSUBJ	Clausal subject	1.0.0
CSUBJPASS	Clausal subject (passive)	1.0.0
DATIVE	Dative	3.1.0
DEP	Unclassified dependent	1.0.0
DET	Determiner	1.0.0
DOBJ	Direct Object	1.0.0
EXPL	Expletive	1.0.0
INTJ	Interjection	1.0.0
MARK	Marker	1.0.0
META	Meta modifier	1.0.0
NEG	Negation modifier	1.0.0
NOUNMOD	Modifier of nominal	3.1.0
NPMOD	Noun phrase as adverbial modifier	3.1.0
NSUBJ	Nominal subject	1.0.0
NSUBJPASS	Nominal subject (passive)	1.0.0
NUMMOD	Number modifier	3.1.0
OPRD	Object predicate	1.0.0
PARATAXIS	Parataxis	1.0.0
PCOMP	Complement of preposition	1.0.0
POBJ	Object of preposition	1.0.0
POSS	Possession modifier	1.0.0
PRECONJ	Pre-correlative conjunction	1.0.0
PREDET	Pre-determiner	1.0.0
PREP	Prepositional modifier	1.0.0
PRT	Particle	1.0.0
PUNCT	Punctuation	1.0.0
QUANTMOD	Modifier of quantifier	1.0.0
RELCL	Relative clause modifier	3.1.0
ROOT	Root	1.0.0
XCOMP	Open clausal complement	1.0.0

Deprecated Labels

Label	Description	Since	Notes
COMPLM	Complementizer	3.0.0	Replaced to mark
INFMOD	Infinitival modifier	3.0.0	Replaced to acl
PARTMOD	Participal modifier	3.0.0	Replaced to acl
HMOD	Modifier in hyphenation	3.1.0	Replaced to compound
HYPH	Hyphen	3.1.0	Replaced to punct
IOBJ	Indirect object	3.1.0	Replaced to dative
NUM	Number modifier	3.1.0	Replaced to nummod
NUMBER	Number compound modifier	3.1.0	Replaced to compound
NMOD	Modifier of nominal	3.1.0	Replaced to nounmod
NN	Noun compound modifier	3.1.0	Replaced to compound
NPADVMOD	Noun phrase as adverbial modifier	3.1.0	Replaced to npmod
POSSESSIVE	Possessive modifier	3.1.0	Replaced to case
RCMOD	Relative clause modifier	3.1.0	Replaced to relcl

Subjects

Nominal subject

A nominal subject (nsubj) is a non-clausal constituent in the subject position of an active verb.

Nominal subject (passive)

A nominal passive subject (nsubjpass) is a non-clausal constituent in the subject position of a passive verb.

Clausal subject

A clausal subject (csubj) is a clause in the subject position of an active verb.

Clausal subject (passive)

A clausal passive subject (csubjpass) is a clause in the subject position of a passive verb.

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Agent

An agent (agent) is the complement of a passive verb that is the surface subject of its active form.

Expletive

An expletive (expl) is an existential there in the subject position.

Objects

Direct object

A direct object (dobj) is a noun phrase that is the accusative object of a (di)transitive verb.

Dative

A dative (dative) is a nominal or prepositional object of dative-shifting verb.

Attribute

An attribute (attr) is a noun phrase that is a non-VP predicate usually following a copula verb.

Object predicate

An object predicate (oprd) is a non-VP predicate in a small clause that functions like the predicate of an object.

Complements

Clausal complement

A clausal complement (ccomp) is a clause with an internal subject that modifies the head of an ADJP|ADVP|NML|NP|WHNP|VP|SINV|SQ.

Open clausal complement

An open clausal complement (xcomp) is a clause without an internal subject that modifies the head of an ADJP|ADVP|VP|SINV|SQ.

Adjectival complement

An adjectival complement (acomp) is an adjective phrase that modifies the head of a VP|SINV|SQ, that is usually a verb.

Nominals

Appositional modifier

An appositional modifier (appos) of an NML|NP is a noun phrase immediately preceded by another noun phrase, which gives additional information to its preceding noun phrase.

Clausal modifier

A finite or non-finite clausal modifier (acl) is either an infinitival modifier is an infinitive clause or phrase that modifies the head of a noun phrase, or a participial modifier is a clause or phrase whose head is a verb in a participial form (e.g., gerund, past participle) that modifies the head of a noun phrase, or a complement.

Releative clause modifier

A relative clause modifier (relcl) is a either relative clause or a reduced relative clause that modifies the head of an NML|NP|WHNP.

Determiner

A determiner (det) is a word token whose pos tag is DT|WDT|WP that modifies the head of a noun phrase.

Pre-determiner

A predeterminer (predet) is a word token whose pos tag is PDT that modifies the head of a noun phrase.

Numeric modifier

A numeric modifier (nummod) is any number or quantifier phrase that modifies the head of a noun phrase.

Adjectival modifier

An adjectival modifier (amod) is an adjective or an adjective phrase that modifies the meaning of another word, usually a noun.

Possession modifier

A possession modifier (poss) is either a possessive determiner (PRP$) or a NML|NP|WHNP containing a possessive ending that modifies the head of a ADJP|NML|NP|QP|WHNP.

Modifier of nominal

A modifier of nominal (nmod) is any unclassified dependent that modifies the head of a noun phrase.

Adverbials

Adverbial modifier

An adverbial modifier (advmod) is an adverb or an adverb phrase that modifies the meaning of another word.

Adverbial clause modifier

An adverbial clause modifier (advcl) is a clause that acts like an adverbial modifier.

Negation modifier

A negation modifier (neg) is an adverb that gives negative meaning to its head.

Noun phrase as adverbial modifier

An adverbial noun phrase modifier (npmod) is a noun phrase that acts like an adverbial modifier.

Prepositions

Object of a preposition

An object of a preposition (pobj) is a noun phrase that modifies the head of a prepositional phrase, which is usually a preposition but can be a verb in a participial form such as VBG.

Complement of a preposition

A complement of a preposition (pcomp) is any dependent that is not a pobj but modifies the head of a prepositional phrase.

Coordination

Conjunct

A conjunct (conj) is a dependent of the leftmost conjunct in coordination.

Coordinating conjunction

A coordinating conjunction (cc) is a dependent of the leftmost conjunct in coordination.

Pre-correlative conjunction

A pre-correlative conjunction (preconj) is the first part of a correlative conjunction that becomes a dependent of the first conjunct in coordination.

Prepositional modifier

A prepositional modifier (prep) is any prepositional phrase that modifies the meaning of its head.

Auxiliaries

Auxiliary

An auxiliary (aux) is an auxiliary or modal verb that gives further information about the main verb (e.g., tense, aspect).

Auxiliary (passive)

A passive auxiliary (auxpass) is an auxiliary verb, be, become, or get, that modifies a passive verb.

Compund words

Compound

A compound (compound) is either a noun modifying the head of noun phrase, a number modifying the head of quantifier phrase, or a hyphenated word (or a preposition modifying the head of the prepositioanl phrase).

Particle

A particle (prt) is a preposition in a phrasal verb that forms a verb-particle construction.

Case marker

A case marker (case) is either a possessive marker, ...

Marker

A marker (mark) is either a subordinating conjunction (e.g., although, because, while) that introduces an adverbial clause modifier, or a subordinating conjunction, if, that, or whether, that introduces a clausal complement.

Miscellaneous

Unclassified dependent

An unclassified dependent (dep) is a dependent that does not satisfy conditions for any other dependency.

Meta modifier

A meta modifier (meta) is code (1), embedded (2), or meta (3) information that is randomly inserted in a phrase or clause.

Parenthetical modifier

A parenthetical modifier (parataxis) is an embedded chunk, often but not necessarily surrounded by parenthetical notations (e.g,. brackets, quotes, commas, etc.), which gives side information to its head.

Punctuation

Any punctuation (punct) is assigned the dependency label PUNCT.

Root

A root (root) is the root of a tree that does not depend on any node in the tree but the artificial root node.