<p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 0px !important;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种形式。非谓语动词既是高中英语学习的重点和难点，又是每年高考英语考查的热点。非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，无人称和数的变化，但仍然具有动词的特征，如有时态和语态的变化，其后可接宾语和状语。就非谓语动词而言，高考侧重考查其基本用法、句法功能和非谓语动词所表达的含义等。下面，笔者结合近几年高考英语试题对非谓语动词的常见考点进行分析、探究，以期对考生有所帮助。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">考点一、考查动名词与动词不定式作主语</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">动名词做主语表示抽象的、经常性的动作；而动词不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的动作，且常用it 充当形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）后置。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例1】（2021年全国甲卷语法填空) It is possible </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">43 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动词不定式作主语。句意：可以步行或骑自行车走14公里。分析句子可知，此处考查句型“It + be + adj. + to do sth.”，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故答案填to walk。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例2】（2019年全国III卷语法填空) On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">62 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(get) there.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动词不定式作主语。分析句子结构，在“It takes some time to do sth.”句型中，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语。故此处应填to get。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例3】（2018年北京卷单项填空改编) ______ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动名词作主语。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。此题考查动名词在句首作主语。故答案填Travelling或Traveling。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">考点二、考查动名词和动词不定式作宾语</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语，而不定式只能做动词宾语。有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而有的只能接不定式做宾语，有的既可接动名词又可接不定式做宾语，但意义不同。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例1】（2021年全国甲卷语法填空) After </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">44 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">better</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;"> (good) than to ride on a piece of history!</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用动名词形式作介词宾语。故答案填spending。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例2】（2021年全国甲卷短文改错) Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意：他们的答案也表明他们不喜欢和其他人说。固定短语dislike doing sth. 意为“不喜欢做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语。故talk应改为talking。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例3】（2021年全国乙卷语法填空 ) Minimize the impact of </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">67 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(visit) the place.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动名词作宾语。句意：最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故答案填visiting。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例4】（2020年全国I卷短文改错) My mom told me how to preparing it.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动词不定式（短语）作宾语。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+to do”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。故preparing应改为prepare。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">考点三、考查非谓语动词作表语</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">动词不定式作表语表示按计划或趋势将要发生的动作。动名词作表语表示主语的内容，有时可与主语互换。分词作表语表示主语的特征；现在分词作表语表示主动和进行，过去分词作表语表示被动和完成。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例1】（2019年全国III卷短文改错) Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动词不定式作表语。动词不定式作表语，to后应用动词原形。故opens应改为open。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例2】（2018年全国III卷语法填空) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">looking</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;"> (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">65 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(challenge).</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查过去分词作表语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，应用过去分词作表语。故答案填challenged。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">考点四、考查非谓语动词作定语</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途。分词作定语，表示被修饰词的特征，单个分词作前置定语，分词短语作定语应放在所修饰词之后；现在分词作定语与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示主动和进行；过去分词作定语与被修饰词之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成。动词不定式作定语表示将来的动作，与其所修饰的词之间可能是主谓或动宾关系。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例1】（2020年全国I卷短文改错) I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，当然我以为这道菜做起来很容易。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语。故frying应改为fried。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例2】（2020年全国II卷语法填空) They represent the earth </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">63 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查现在分词作定语。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，此处应用现在分词作后置定语，表示名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系。故答案填coming。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例3】（2019年全国II卷语法填空) Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">65 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(retire) from her 36-year-old business.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动词不定式作定语。此处用to do sth. 作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词plan，表示“…… 的计划”。故答案填to retire。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例4】（2019年全国II卷语法填空) When we got a call </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">68 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查现在分词作定语。前面已有谓语动词call，此处应用非谓语动词形式；根据动词say与其逻辑主语call之间为主动关系，故需用现在分词作后置定语。故答案填saying。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">考点五、考查动词不定式和分词作状语</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">动词不定式做状语，表示原因、目的或结果；有时，为了强调目的，可与in order to或so as to 连用。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式；当分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系时，用现在分词，反之，用过去分词。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例1】（2021年新高考全国II卷语法填空 ) I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">37 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(think) it is food.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，此处应用现在分词作状语，表示该动作与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系。故答案填thinking。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例2】（2021年新高考全国II卷语法填空 ) I decided to do something </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">38 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(educate) people about this problem.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查动词不定式作状语。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故答案填to educate。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例3】（2020年江苏卷单项填空改编) Technological innovations, ______ (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合，将促进这些产品的销售。短语be combined with意为“与 …… 结合/联合”，此句中省略be动词，应用过去分词做状语。故答案填combined。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例4】（2019年全国I卷短文改错) All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查现在分词作状语。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为cheered，say在这里作伴随状语，与主语players是主动关系。故say应改为saying。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">考点六、考查动词不定式和分词做宾语补足语</span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程，强调动作已经完成。现在分词作宾语补足语表示主动和进行，强调动作的一部分；过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动和完成。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例1】（2020年全国II卷语法填空) They make great gifts and you see them many times </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">65 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;">(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查过去分词作宾补。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故答案填decorated。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【典例2】（2020年全国III卷语法填空) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">69 </span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">【解析】考查现在分词作宾补。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕的时候，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构，此处应用现在分词作宾语补足语，表示该动词与其逻辑主语clouds之间为主动关系。故答案填surrounding。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 17px;">总之，只要考生精确地把握以上几种非谓语动词的高频考点，认真分析，透彻理解，并运用有效的解题方法和技巧，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 15px;">刃有余。</span></p> 讯享网
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