考试中,大家常把握不好名词的数、所有格以及一些集合名词的用法。
1. He gave me a very good advice yesterday.
句中的a要去掉,因为advice是不可数名词。一些汉语概念为可数的词在英语中却是不可数的,表示数量时在其前加a piece of,类似的词有:news, bread, work, paper, chalk, furniture, information等等。
2. That girl loves reading book.
可数名词单数不能孤零零地放在句子里,或前面加冠词,或将其变为复数。此处最好变为books.
3. He went into a book’s shop and bought a dictionary.
一般表示有生命的东西的名词的所有格用’s,如my mother’s car, 而此处适宜用名词修饰名词,改为a book shop.
4. My family is watching TV.
一些集合名词如看成一个整体,则用单数的谓语动词,如My family is a happy one; 如强调集合中每个个体的个人行为,则用复数的谓语动词。此处看电视是个体行为,应把is改为are。类似的词有:team, class, audience等。
5. I bought some potatos and tomatos at the supermarket.
中学阶段以“o”结尾的名词中有四个词变复数时要加es,它们是tomato, potato, Negro, hero; 其余的都加s变为复数。
6. This has nothing to do with their believes.(这和他们的信仰没关系。)
以f, fe 结尾的词变为复数时一般去f, fe 加ves,如knife—knives, thief—thieves; 而roof 和belief直接加s变为复数。所以应把believes改为beliefs.![]()
二、冠词
1. The boss wants to hire an useful person.
用a还是an,取决于后面单词的第一个音标,如为元音用an,为辅音用a。useful的第一个音是辅音所以应把an改为a。类似的,我们说a European country.
2. Plane is a machine that can fly.
Plane为可数名词单数,不能单独放在句中,应在其前加冠词或把它变为复数,而本句后有a machine, 因此只能在其前面加a,变为A plane。
3. He played a piano at the party yesterday.
把a 改为the ,因为乐器前用定冠词。
4. The machine was invented in 1920s.
在in后加the,因为表示年代用in加the再加几十的复数,如在八十年代in the 80s。
5. Xiao Hong went to school by the bus every day.

去掉the,因为表示交通方式用by直接加交通工具。![]()
三、代词
使用代词时请注意其单、复数,主、宾格以及形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的用法。
1. He is one of those speakers who make his ideas perfectly clear.
定语从句的先行词是those speakers,为复数,因此从句中的指示代词应为复数,应把his改为their。
2. Whom do you think has left the lights on?
放在疑问句特殊疑问词后的do you think / believe / guess / imagine / suppose等都不参与句子成分,把它们去掉后,疑问词在句中做主语用主格,做宾语用宾格。本句中去掉do you think后缺的是主语,应把Whom改为Who。
3. The boss pretended not to see John and I.
John和I在句中都做的宾语,应把I 改为me。
4. These books are mine; those in the bag are her.
Her是形容词性物主代词,后面应该加名词books,或把her 改为hers。

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