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 <SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; LINE-HEIGHT: 26px"><STRONG>【考点直击】<BR></STRONG>1. 短语动词的辨析；<BR>2. 英语句子的基本句型结构；<BR>3. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。<BR><STRONG>【名师点睛】</STRONG><BR> 短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段，我们已经学习了不少短语<BR>动词，把他们加以归纳总结，进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。<BR><STRONG>1. 短语动词的分类<BR>(1)动词＋介词<BR></STRONG>常见的有look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：<BR>Don’t laugh at others.<BR>Tom asked his parents for a bike.<BR><STRONG>(2)动词＋副词<BR></STRONG>常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：<BR>You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.<BR>Please don’t forget to hand it in.<BR><STRONG>(3)动词＋副词＋介词</STRONG><BR>常见的有 go on with, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：<BR>Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.<BR>After a short rest, he went on with his research work.<BR><STRONG>(4)动词＋名词＋介词<BR></STRONG>常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：<BR>You should pay attention to your handwriting.<BR>We should make full use of our time.<BR><STRONG>(5)动词＋形容词<BR></STRONG>常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：<BR>The prisoners were set free.<BR>He cut it open.<BR><STRONG>(6)动词＋名词<BR></STRONG>常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：<BR>This story took place three years ago.<BR>I make friends with a lot of people.<BR><STRONG>2. 短语动词的辨析<BR></STRONG>(1)be made in（在……生产或制造），be made of(由……组成或构成)<BR>(2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快), come up with(找到；提出)<BR>(3)do one’s best(尽最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作业)，do some reading(阅读)<BR>(4)fall asleep(入睡)，fall behind(落在…..后面)，fall off(从……掉下)，fall down(到下；跌倒)<BR>(5)get down(下来；落下)，get on(上车)，get to(到达)，get up(起床)，get back(回来；取回)，get off(下来)，get on well with(与……相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相聚)<BR>(6)give up(放弃)，give…a hand(给与……帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会)<BR>(7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着……一直往前走)<BR>(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat（坐下）, have supper（吃晚餐）, have a rest（休息）, have sports（进行体育活动）, have a cold（感冒）, have a cough（咳嗽）, have a good time（过得愉快）, have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝 <BR>试；努力)<BR>(9)look for(寻找)，look out(留神; 注意)，look over(仔细检查)，look up(向上看；抬头看)，look after(照顾; 照看)，look at(看； 观看)，look like(看起来像)，look the same(看起来像)，<BR>(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打电话)，make money(赚钱)，make the bed(整理床铺)，make a noise(吵闹)，make a faces(做鬼脸)，make one’s way to(往……走去)，make room for(给……腾出地方)，make a decision(做出决定)，make a mistake(犯错误)，make up one’s mind(下决心)<BR>(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put up(挂起；举起)，put down(把某物放下来)，put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)<BR>(12)take off(脱掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花费时间)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(积极参加)，take care of(照顾；照料；注意)，take exercise(做运动)，take one’s place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，take turn(轮流)<BR>(13)talk about(谈话；交谈)，talk with(和……交谈)<BR>(14)turn on(打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn off(关上电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn down(关小；调低)，turn…over(把…..翻过来)<BR>(15)think of(认为；想起)，think about(考虑)<BR><STRONG>3.句子的基本句型结构<BR></STRONG>根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。 <BR><STRONG>(1)主语+连系动词+表语</STRONG>。例如：<BR>My mother is a doctor.<BR>Her voice sounds nice.<BR><STRONG>(2)主语+不及物动词。</STRONG>例如：<BR>He runs fast.<BR>We study hard.<BR><STRONG>(3)主语+及物动词+宾语。</STRONG>例如：<BR>Children often sing this song.<BR>He studies English.<BR>1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：<BR>She enjoys reading novels and swimming.<BR>I finished reading the book last night.<BR>2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如：<BR>Where do wish to sit?<BR>Tom agreed to lend some money.<BR>3)有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同。这类动词常见的有：remember, forget等。例如：<BR>Please remember to post the letter for me.<BR>请记住替我发了这封信。<BR>I remember posting the letter.<BR>我记得那封信寄过了。<BR> Stop的用法同上面的词相仿，不过stop后面跟不定式不是作宾语，而是作状语。试比较下列句子：<BR>He stopped to smoke. 他停下来吸烟。<BR>He stopped smoking. 他停止吸烟了。<BR>4)有些及物动词的宾语，既可用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：<BR>I like to swim in summer.<BR>I like swimming in summer.<BR><STRONG>(4)主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。</STRONG>例如：<BR>My father bought me a new bike.<BR>He gave me an apple.<BR>1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，<BR>指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要<BR>把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。例如：<BR>Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.<BR>Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me.<BR> 2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：<BR>Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?<BR>Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.<BR><STRONG>(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。</STRONG>例如：<BR>We keep our classroom clean and tidy.<BR>I hear someone singing in the next room.<BR>1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如：<BR>We call him Jack.<BR>Don’t get your hands dirty.<BR> 2)在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示<BR>的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作<BR>宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。例如：<BR>I heard him sing that song. (我听他唱过那首歌。)<BR>When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.<BR>(我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。)<BR>3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。例如：<BR>I saw him go into the room.<BR>He was seen to go into the room.<BR><STRONG>4. 初中阶段主要句型的用法。</STRONG><BR>1. It's time to (for) .... 表“时间到了；该干…的时间了”之意。<BR> It's time to go home.<BR> It's time for school.<BR>注意：to的后面接动词短语，而for的后面接名词。<BR>2. It's bad (good) for ... 表示“对…有害（有益）的”含义。<BR> Please don't smoke. It's bad for your health.<BR> Please take more exercise. It's good for your health.<BR>3. be late for (school) 是“上学（迟到）”之意。for后面还可以接meeting或class。<BR> He was late for school this morning.<BR> Don't be late for class, please.<BR>4. had better do / not do sth. 表示“最好做/不做某事”之意。<BR> You had better put on the coat when you go out. It's cold outside.<BR> We had better stop to have a rest.<BR> 注意：用had better时，后面一定要直接跟动词原形，决不能加to do sth. 否定一定用在第二个动词之前，是动词不定式的否定式。<BR>5. be (feel) afraid of ... 表示“恐怕”，“害怕…”之意。<BR> He is afraid of snakes.<BR>Mary feels afraid of going out alone.<BR>6. enjoy doing sth. 是“喜欢（爱好）做某事”之意，doing是动名词作动词enjoy的宾语。enjoy有欣赏之意。<BR> Are you enjoy living in Beijing?<BR> Do you enjoy listening to music?<BR>7. stop doing sth. 停止做某事<BR> stop to do sth. 停下来做某事<BR> It's time for class. Stop talking, please.<BR> When she saw me, she stopped to talk with me.<BR>8. Let (make) sb. do 让（使）某人做某事。<BR> Let's go to school.<BR> Father made his son clean the room again.<BR> 注意：当make sb. do sth. 用于被动语态时，第二个动词前面就一定要加to了。如：<BR> His son was made to clean the room again.<BR> he was made to work twelve hours a day in the past.<BR>9. like to do / like doing sth. 是“喜欢做某事”之意。<BR> like to do sth. 是表示比较具体的喜欢做某事；like doing sth. 是表示宠统的喜欢做某事。如：<BR> I like to swim in the swimming pool.<BR> 我喜欢在游泳池中游泳。（喜欢的具体的地方游泳）<BR> I like swimming. 我喜欢游泳（只讲喜欢这项运动）<BR>10. ask (tell) sb. to do. (not to do) sth. 请（让）某人（不）做某事<BR> Jim asked his mother to help him with his lessons.<BR> When did you tell him not to shout loudly?<BR>11. give (lend) sb. sth. = give (lend) sth. to sb. 给（借给）某人某物<BR> Mike gave me a new pair of stockings.<BR> Please lend us your car. <BR>12. be busy doing sth. 表示“忙于做某事”之意。<BR> The students are busy getting ready for the exams.<BR> Is Mrs Black busy washing clothes?<BR>13. too ... to ... 表示“太…以致不能…”的含义。<BR> She is too young to go to school.<BR> The old man was too tired to walk farther.<BR>14. not……until …… 是“直……才……”之意。<BR> My daughter didn't go to bed until 11 o'clock last night.<BR> We won't have time to rest until the summer holiday comes.<BR>15. so ……that 是“如此……以致……”的意思。<BR> Peter is so clever that all the teachers like him very much.<BR> The song is so wonderful that everyone likes to listen to it.<BR>16. neither ……nor ……是“既不……也不……”之意。<BR> Mr. Smith is neither a worker nor a soldier. He is a scientist.<BR> Neither you nor I am free. <BR>17. enough to do sth. 是“足以去做某事”之意。<BR> She is old enough to go to school.<BR> Peter was tall enough to reach the apple.<BR>19. prefer……to ……是“比起来，还是……好，”“喜欢……而不喜欢”之意。<BR> I prefer English to maths = I like English better than maths<BR> He prefers playing football to playing basketball.<BR>20. not ……at all ……是“根本不……”之意。<BR> I don't know Mr. King at all.<BR> David doesn't like singing at all.<BR>21．keep sb. doing sth. 是“使某人继续做某事”之意。<BR> Mr. Wang didn't come to school on time. She kept me waiting for two hours.<BR> Don't keep your mother doing everything for you You should do it by yourself.<BR>22. keep sth. + adj. 是“保持某物处于某种状况”之意。<BR> Please keep our classroom clean and tidy.<BR> That wool sweater kept her body warm enough.<BR>23. see sb. doing sth. 表示“看见某人正在做某事”之意。<BR> When my brother passed the post office, he saw a little boy crying at the door.<BR> Did you see a car coming here ?<BR>24. see sb. do sth. 是“看见某人做了某事”之意。<BR> That girl saw an old woman fall down on the road yesterday.<BR> Have you seen the leaves drop into the river ?<BR>25. hear sb. doing sth. 是“听到某人正在做某事”之意。<BR> Listen ! Can you hear someone singing on the hill?<BR> We heard him talking with Mr. Li loudly just now.<BR>26. hear sb. do sth. 表示“听见某人做了某事”之意。<BR> He was often heard to sing in his room in the past.<BR> Why didn't you hear me come into the sitting rom ?<BR>27. be used for doing sth. 是“被用来做某事”的意思。<BR> Knives are used for cutting things.<BR> Teapot is used for keeping tea warm.<BR>28. It's three metres long / high/ wide. 它是三米长（高、宽）形容词要放在后面作后置定语。句型是It / 主语+ be +数词+米/公里+形容词。<BR>His father is one and seventy metres tall.<BR>That river is fifty metres wide.<BR>29. What's wrong with ......? / What's the problem with ......?/ What's the trouble with ......?/ What's the matter?表示“出了什么毛病？”“…哪儿不舒服？”“怎么啦？”的含义。<BR>What's wrong with your car?<BR>What's wrong with you, little girl?<BR>What's the matter with your watch?<BR>30. Would you like (to do) ......? 是“你想要…吗？”的意思。like后面可以接名词，词组或动词不定式。提出一种建议或邀请。<BR>Would you like some fish?<BR> Would you like to go to the cinema with me?<BR>31. Will you please do sth? 是“你想要做……吗？”<BR>Will you please say it more slowly?<BR> Will you please not open the window? I feel cold.<BR>32. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 是“做某事花费某人一段时间”之意。可以用于一般现在时，一般过去式和一般将来时态。<BR>It will take us two hours to go over all the words and expressions.<BR> It took Mr. Wang half an hour to clean the bedroom.<BR>33. I'd like sb. to do sth. 是“我希望某人来做某事”之意。<BR>I'd like my friend to help me with my lessons.<BR> He'd like Jim to teach him how to use the computer.<BR>34. There's sth. wrong with ......是“某物/人出了问题”，“某物/人有了毛病”之意。<BR>There is something wrong the TV set. = Something is wrong with the TV set.<BR>There must be something wrong with the car. It doesn't move.<BR>35. I don't think that + clause 是“我想…不会…”“我认为…不…”之意。<BR>I don't think that any of the questions is difficult.<BR>We don't think he will have time tomorrow.<BR>36. What about ......? 表示征求意见，询问消息，是“…好不好？”“…怎么样？”之意。<BR>What about some tea?<BR>What about your mother? Is she all right?<BR>37. Why not do ...? 是表示建议，“为什么不……？”之意。<BR>Why not have a rest? You have already worked for four hours.<BR> Why not come to play games with us? =Why don't you come to play games with us?<BR>38. What do you mean by ......? 是“请问…是什么意思？”之意。<BR>What do you mean by "scientist", please?<BR>What do you mean by "manager", please?<BR> 可以说What is the meaning of "manager"?或What does the "manager" mean?<BR>39. You like singing very much. So do I. 你非常喜欢唱歌。我也非常喜欢。<BR> So do I. = I like singing very much, too.<BR> So在句型"so + be (have，助动词或情态动词)+主语中"有“也”，“同样”的意思，表示前面所说的情况，也适合于另一个人（或物）。<BR>He saw the accident, and so did I.<BR>She can ride a horse, and so can I.<BR>40. It's easy for him to learn English well. 学好英语对他来说很容易。<BR> It's + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 是“对某人来说做某事怎么样”之意。It是代词作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式（或短语），为避免句子头重脚轻而将主语放在了后面。<BR>It is dangerous for children to play in the street.<BR>It was easy for her to tidy her room just now.<BR><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; LINE-HEIGHT: 26px"><STRONG>【实例解析】<BR></STRONG>1. (2004年北京市中考试题)<BR> When he ________ home, he saw his mother cleaning the room.<BR> A. got up B. got back C. got off D. got on<BR> 答案：B。该题考查的是短语动词的用法。根据题意，空白处所填的短语动词的意思应该是“回到”，所以选got back。<BR>2. (2004年北京市中考试题)<BR> Father is sleeping. You’d better ________ quiet.<BR> A. to keep B. keep C. keeping D. kept<BR> 答案：B。该题考查的是常见句型。had better 后接动词原形，所以应选keep。<BR>3. (2004年北京海淀区中考试题)<BR> ---Would you mind _________ my pet dog while I’m away.<BR> ---Sure, no problem.<BR> A. setting up B. looking after C. turning down D. keeping out<BR> 答案：B。该题考查的是短语动词的用法。根据题意，空白所填短语动词的意思应该是“照看”，所以选B。<BR>4. (2004年常州市中考试题)<BR> ---Mum, I’m offered 8,000 yuan a month of the job.<BR> ---Really? It just sounds ________ to be true.<BR> A. so well B. too good C. good enough D. too well<BR> 答案：B。该题考查的是“too…to”句型的应用。too good to be true 表示太好了，以至于不会是真的。<BR><STRONG>【中考演练】</STRONG><BR>一. 单项选择<BR>1. Would you please drive faster ? My flight is _________.<BR> A. taking off B. getting off C. turning off D. putting off<BR>2. On October 15, 2003 China _______ its first man-made spaceship, which made Yang Liwei a hero to many kids.<BR> A. set out B. Set off C. sent up D. sent out<BR>3. ---How is the play going ?<BR> ---We are going to _______ the day after tomorrow.<BR> A. put on it B. put it off C. put it on D. put it off<BR>4. Mr Green is busy _______ the newspaper while his wife is busy ______ the housework.<BR> A. reading ; with B. to read ; with C. to read ; doing D. with ; to do<BR>5. We have to _______ our things if we travel on a train or a bus.<BR> A. look at B. look up C.look like D. look after<BR>6. ---If you ______ a new idea, please call me as soon as possible.<BR> --- Sure, I will.<BR> A. keep up with B. catch up with C. feed up with D. come up with<BR>7. ---Zhou Jielun is so cool. I’m his fan.<BR> ---____________.<BR> A. So do I B. So I do C. So am I D. So I am<BR>8. ---Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it _______ pure wool ?<BR> ---Yes, and it’s _______ Inner Mongolia.<BR> A. made by ; made for B. made of ; made by<BR> C. made of ; made in D. Made by ; made from<BR>9. Please _______ the box carefully. It is filled with glasses<BR> A. put down B. put on C. put off D. put together<BR>10. ---________ ! There’s a car coming !<BR> ---Oh. Thanks.<BR> A. Look over B. Look up C. Look on D. Look out<BR>11. ---Look! The bus is coming.<BR> ---But it’s full of people. We can’t ______ .<BR>A.get off B. get down C. get on with D. get on<BR>12. ---Excuse me. Where’s the Science Museum?<BR> ---Take No.3 bus and ______ at the fourth stop.<BR>A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to<BR>13. It’s very cold today. You’d better put _____ your coat when you go out.<BR>A. away B. down C. on D. up<BR>14. Miss Li told the children to walk one after another. She didn’t want them to ______ in the park<BR>A. get wrong B. get away C. get lost D. get ready<BR>15. The flowers start to _____ in spring.<BR>A. come in B. come out C. come from D. come to<BR>16. Lucy, could you please help me _____ the map on the blackboard?<BR>A. put into B. put up C. put out D. put on<BR>17. “Get a ladder, please. I can’t _____ .” Jim said in a tall tree.<BR>A. come back B. come out C. come down D. come over<BR>18. I have ____ my parents, and now I’m answering it.<BR>A. heard of B. heard from C. heard D. heard about<BR>19. I can’t see the words clearly. Can I _____ the light?<BR>A. turn on B. put off C. hold on D. take off<BR>20. As soon as the man walked into the warm room, he _____ his heavy coat and sat down.<BR>A. took away B. took down C. took off D. took up<BR>二. 用非谓语动词填空<BR>1. The bus was very crowded, so she wanted ______ a taxi.<BR>2. She enjoys _______ novels before going to bed.<BR>3. It took him two hours _______ his homework.<BR>4. He has made up his mind _____ hard.<BR>5. Would you like _______ the football match this afternoon?<BR>6. The child stopped ______ and listened to the music.<BR>7. Beethoven taught me ______ the music.<BR>8. Thank you for _______ me to the party.<BR>9. He lost his money, so he asked his friend ______ a train ticket for him.<BR>10. Mark Twain liked to tell funny stories to make people ______ . <BR>三. 完成下列句子<BR>1. 请你把这些花送给她，好吗？<BR>Will you send ____ _____ _____ ?<BR>2. 你离开教室的时候，不要忘记关窗户。<BR>Don’t forget _____ _____ _____ _____ when you leave the classroom.<BR>3. 我到学校的时候，听见她在唱歌。<BR>When I got to school, I hear ____ _____.<BR>4. 不仅学生们，而且他们的老师也喜欢那个电影。<BR>Not only the students but also their teacher _____ _____ ____ .<BR>5. 我们都不喜欢跳舞。<BR> None of us is fond of _________.<BR>6. 我用了两个小时修车。<BR>It _______ me two hours _______ _______ the bike.<BR>7. 直到妈妈回来时，他才完成作业。<BR>He ______ finish his homework _______ his mother came back.<BR>8. 他和我都不是老师。<BR> ______ he _______ I am a teacher.<BR>9. 他从小就对数学感兴趣。<BR> He became ________ in maths when he was ________.<BR>10. 你最好乘火车。<BR>You'd _______ ______ a train.<BR><STRONG>【练习答案】</STRONG><BR>一. 1.A 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.D1 2.B 13.C14.C 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.B 19.A 20.C<BR>二. 1.to take 2.reading 3.to do 4.to study 5. to watch 6. playing 7.to play 8.inviting 9.to buy 10.laugh<BR>三. 1.her these flowers 2.to close the windows 3.her singing 4.likes the film 5.dancing 6. took, to mend/ repair/ fix 7. didn’t, until 8. Neither, nor 9. interested, young 10. better, take<BR></SPAN></SPAN> 

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