<p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">假设下图的A点为<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">观察点</span>，即观察者所处的位置。B点为天顶，E、W、S、N分别代表了观察者的<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">东、西、南、北</span>方向。图中的红色圆弧，代表了太阳的<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">运动方向</span>（东升西落），不同的圆弧代表了不同的季节（夏至、春秋分、冬至）。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//53626.jpg" title="53626.jpg" alt="微信图片_747.jpg" width="354" height="208"/></p><p><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 24px;">日出、日落的规律</span><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">（1）观察点（A）位于<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">北半球</span>时，太阳的运动轨迹<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">向南倾斜</span>，①<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">夏半年</span>（春分-->秋分）太阳由东北升起，西北落下；②<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">春分、秋分</span>时，太阳从正东升起，正西落下；③<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">冬半年</span>（秋分-->春分）太阳从东南升起，西南落下。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//63016.jpg" title="63016.jpg" alt="微信图片_753.jpg" width="399" height="224"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">（2）观察点（A）位于<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">赤道</span>时，太阳的运动轨迹<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">不发生倾斜</span>，夏半年太阳东北升起、西北落下；春分/秋分时正东升起、正西落下；冬半年时东南升起、西南落下。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//42188.jpg" title="42188.jpg" alt="微信图片_755.jpg" width="357" height="231"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">（3）观察点位于<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">南半球</span>时，太阳的运动轨迹<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">向北倾斜</span>，夏半年（北半球的夏半年）太阳东北升起、西北落下；夏至时正东升起、正西落下；冬半年时东南升起、西南落下。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//67998.jpg" title="67998.jpg" alt="微信图片_759.jpg" width="389" height="238"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">总体来说，在太阳轨迹的倾斜方向上：当观察者（A）位于<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">北半球</span>时，太阳轨迹向南倾斜；当它位于<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">南半球</span>时，太阳轨迹向北倾斜；当它位于<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">赤道</span>时，太阳轨迹不发生倾斜。在日出、日落的方向上：①当太阳直射北半球时（夏半年），不论观察点（A）位于南半球或者北半球，都是<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">东北日出、西北日落</span>；②太阳直射赤道时，正东日出、正西日落；③太阳直射南半球时，太阳<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">东南升起、西南落下</span>。<br/><br/><span style="font-size: 24px;">实际计算</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">（1）日出、日落的角度、太阳高度角</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如下图所示，假设观察者位于北半球，此时正值夏半年（则太阳运动轨迹向南倾斜，且东北日出、西北日落），则此时<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">日出的方向</span>为东偏北β°，日落方向为西偏北β°，这个β就是<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">太阳直射点</span>的纬度。此时图中的aæ为太阳高度角，aæ=90°-|当地纬度-太阳直射点纬度|。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//75592.jpg" title="75592.jpg" alt="微信图片_802.jpg" width="329" height="183"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">（2）极昼</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">北半球</span>的A地处于<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">极昼</span>，则此时太阳由正北升起，正北落下，太阳运动轨迹向南倾斜（如果是<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">南半球</span>极昼，则为正南升起、正南落下，太阳运动轨迹向北倾斜）。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//56862.jpg" title="56862.jpg" alt="微信图片_804.jpg" width="342" height="210"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">（3）北极点、南极点</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">如果A点位于极点，则此时太阳一直都在空中，呈现<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">圆圈形状</span>，旋转的方向为：<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">北顺南逆</span>（与地球的自转方向恰好相反）。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//46594.jpg" title="46594.jpg" alt="微信图片_807.jpg" width="371" height="206"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">此时的<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">太阳高度角</span>=90°-|90°-太阳直射点纬度|，即太阳高度角=太阳直射点纬度。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//97368.jpg" title="97368.jpg" alt="微信图片_809.jpg" width="511" height="158"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">（4）反推观察点的状态（南、北半球和季节）</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">①根据<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">倾斜方向</span>，判定南北半球：向南倾斜（位于北半球）、向北倾斜（南半球）</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">②根据<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">太阳运动轨迹</span>的长短，判断季节：大于半圈（红色，夏半年）、小于半圈（黑色、冬半年）、等于半圈（蓝色，春分秋分）</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">③根据<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">日出、日落方向</span>，判断季节：日出东北日落西北（太阳直射北半球，夏半年）、日出东南日落东南（太阳直射南半球、冬半年）、日出正东日落正西（春分、秋分）。</p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//60692.jpg" title="60692.jpg" alt="微信图片_812.jpg" width="326" height="216"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">（5）刚好极昼的纬度、太阳高度角</span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">①<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">刚好极昼</span>的纬度=90°-太阳直射纬度。如下图所示，太阳直射10°N，则刚好极昼的纬度为80°N。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 16px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">②<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">太阳高度角</span>=2×太阳轨迹倾斜的角度=2×太阳直射纬度=20°（另一种算法：太阳高度角=90°-|当地纬度（80°N）-太阳直射点纬度（10°N）|=20°）。</p><p style="text-align: center;"><img src="http://www.21wh.com/uploads//87099.jpg" title="87099.jpg" alt="微信图片_816.jpg" width="469" height="253"/></p> 讯享网
版权声明：本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献，该文观点仅代表作者本人。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务，不拥有所有权，不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌侵权/违法违规的内容，请联系我们，一经查实，本站将立刻删除。
如需转载请保留出处：https://51itzy.com/kjqy/140155.html